在微服务架构中，如何利用 Java 框架解决数据一致性问题？

@SpringBootApplication
public class DataConsistencyApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DataConsistencyApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/orders")
class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @PostMapping
    public Order createOrder(@RequestBody Order order) {
        // 使用 Spring Cloud Data Flow 处理事务
        return orderService.createOrder(order);
    }

}

@Service
class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    public Order createOrder(Order order) {
        // 检查可用库存
        Product product = productService.getProduct(order.getProductId());
        if (product.getStock() < order.getQuantity()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("库存不足");
        }

        // 创建订单
        Order createdOrder = orderRepository.save(order);

        // 更新库存
        product.setStock(product.getStock() - order.getQuantity());
        productService.updateProduct(product);

        // 更新用户订单历史记录
        User user = userService.getUser(order.getUserId());
        user.addOrder(createdOrder);
        userService.updateUser(user);

        return createdOrder;
    }

}