java框架中异常处理的标准化如何实现？

public class MyCustomException extends RuntimeException {
    private String errorMessage;
    
    public MyCustomException(String errorMessage) {
        this.errorMessage = errorMessage;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String getMessage() {
        return "Custom Exception: " + errorMessage;
    }
}

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public void handleUnhandledException(Exception ex) {
        // 打印日志
        logger.error("Unhandled exception: {}", ex.getMessage());
        
        // 发送电子邮件警报
        emailService.sendEmailAlert(ex.getMessage());
    }
}

public class DatabaseException extends RuntimeException {
    private int errorCode;
    private String sqlState;
    
    public DatabaseException(int errorCode, String sqlState) {
        this.errorCode = errorCode;
        this.sqlState = sqlState;
    }
    
    // ... 省略其他方法
}

try {
    // 执行数据库操作
} catch (DatabaseException ex) {
    // 根据错误代码和 SQL 状态采取适当的措施
}