使用回溯法解决八皇后问题

package application;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;

public class EightQueens extends Application {
    public static final int SIZE = 8; // The size of the chess board
    // queens are placed at (i, queens[i])
    // -1 indicates that no queen is currently placed in the ith row
    // Initially, place a queen at (0, 0) in the 0th row
    private int[] queens = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};

    @Override // Override the start method in the Application class
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        search(); // Search for a solution

        // Display chess board
        GridPane chessBoard = new GridPane();
        chessBoard.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        Label[][] labels = new Label[SIZE][SIZE];
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {
                chessBoard.add(labels[i][j] = new Label(), i, j);
                labels[i][j].setStyle("-fx-border-color: black");
                labels[i][j].setPrefSize(55, 55);
            }

        // Display queens
        Image image = new Image("file:C:/Users/Paul/development/MyJavaFX/src/application/image/lo.jpg");
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
            labels[i][queens[i]].setGraphic(new ImageView(image));

        // Create a scene and place it in the stage
        Scene scene = new Scene(chessBoard, 55 * SIZE, 55 * SIZE);
        primaryStage.setTitle("EightQueens"); // Set the stage title
        primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
        primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch(args);
    }

    /** Search for a solution */
    private boolean search() {
        // k - 1 indicates the number of queens placed so far
        // We are looking for a position in the kth row to place a queen
        int k = 0;
        while(k >= 0 && k < SIZE) {
            // Find a position to place a queen in the kth row
            int j = findPosition(k);
            if(j < 0) {
                queens[k] = -1;
                k--; // back track to the previous row
            } else {
                queens[k] = j;
                k++;
            }
        }

        if(k == -1)
            return false; // No solution
        else
            return true; // A solution is found
    }

    public int findPosition(int k) {
        int start = queens[k] + 1; // Search for a new placement

        for(int j =start; j < SIZE; j++) {
            if(isValid(k, j))
                return j; // (k, j) is the place to put the queen now
        }

        return -1;
    }

    /** Return true is a queen can be placed at (row, column) */
    public boolean isValid(int row, int column) {
        for(int i = 1; i <= row; i++)
            if(queens[row - i] == column // Check column
            || queens[row - i] == column - i // Check upleft diagonal
            || queens[row - i] == column + i) // Check upright diagonal
                return false; // There is a conflict
        return true; // No conflict
    }

}