理解 Java 中的观察者设计模式

java
// Observer Interface
public interface Observer {
    void update(String message);
}

// Subject Interface
public interface Subject {
    void registerObserver(Observer observer);
    void removeObserver(Observer observer);
    void notifyObservers();
}

// Concrete Subject
public class SocialMediaAccount implements Subject {
    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();
    private String statusUpdate;

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
        observers.remove(observer);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObservers() {
        for (Observer observer : observers) {
            observer.update(statusUpdate);
        }
    }

    public void postUpdate(String status) {
        this.statusUpdate = status;
        notifyObservers();
    }
}

// Concrete Observer
public class Follower implements Observer {
    private String name;

    public Follower(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(String message) {
        System.out.println(name + " received update: " + message);
    }
}

// Client Code
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SocialMediaAccount account = new SocialMediaAccount();

        Observer follower1 = new Follower("Alice");
        Observer follower2 = new Follower("Bob");

        account.registerObserver(follower1);
        account.registerObserver(follower2);

        account.postUpdate("Hello, followers!");
        account.postUpdate("Check out my new post!");

        account.removeObserver(follower1);
        account.postUpdate("Another update!");
    }
}