Golang 框架的最佳实践：提升项目性能和可靠性

//使用了安全的goroutine pool
package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type safeGoroutinePool struct {
    pool *sync.Pool
}

func main() {
    pool := &safeGoroutinePool{&sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} { return &worker{}}}}
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
    workers := 10
    for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
        pool.pool.Put(pool.pool.New())
    }
    for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
        x := i
        go func() {
            defer pool.pool.Put(pool.pool.Get())
            for {
                select {
                case <-ctx.Done():
                    return
                default:
                    work(x)
                }
            }
        }()
    }
    cancel()
}

//使用gRPC compression
package main

import (
    "context"

    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
    "google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// gRPC compression
func grpcRequestCompression() grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor {
    return func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (interface{}, error) {
        md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
        if !ok {
            return nil, grpc.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "Missing metadata")
        }

        ce := md.Get("grpc-encoding")
        if len(ce) > 0 && ce[0] == "gzip" {
            resp, err := handler(ctx, req)
            if err != nil {
                return nil, err
            }

            if msg, ok := resp.(proto.Message); ok {
                b, err := proto.Marshal(msg)
                if err != nil {
                    return nil, err
                }
                return &response{Data: b, ContentEncoding: "gzip"}, nil
            }
        }

        return handler(ctx, req)
    }
}

//使用trace分配检查内存泄漏
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "runtime"
    "runtime/pprof"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    //启用跟踪
    runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(2)

    //启动HTTP服务器
    //启动一个goroutine模拟内存泄漏
    go func() {
        for {
            slice := make([]byte, 1024)
            runtime.SetFinalizer(&slice, func(*[]byte) { fmt.Println("Finalizer called") })
        }
    }()

    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        //获取分配跟踪
        w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
        p := pprof.Lookup("block")
        p.WriteTo(w, 0)
    })
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8080", nil))

}

//使用不同的日志级别
package main

import (
    "log"
)

func main() {
    //使用trace用于调试
    log.SetFlags(log.Ldate | log.Ltime | log.Lmicroseconds | log.Llongfile)
    log.Println("This is a trace-level log")

    //使用debug用于开发
    log.SetFlags(0)
    log.Println("This is a debug-level log")

    //使用info用于一般消息
    log.Printf("This is a info-level log: %s", "some info")

    //使用warn用于警告
    log.Printf("This is a warn-level log: %s", "some warning")

    //使用error用于错误
    log.Printf("This is a error-level log: %s", "some error")
}

//基准测试和性能分析
package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "testing"
    "time"
    "runtime"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        ctx := context.Background()
        startTime := time.Now()
        //处理请求
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "请求处理完成, 用时: %s", time.Since(startTime))
    })

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8080", nil))
}

//基准测试函数
func BenchmarkHandler(b *testing.B) {
    for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
        r := http.Request{}
        var w http.ResponseWriter
        handler(&w, &r)
    }
}

//性能分析
func TestPerformance(t *testing.T) {
    result := testing.Benchmark(func(b *testing.B) {
        for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
            r := http.Request{}
            var w http.ResponseWriter
            handler(&w, &r)
        }
    })
    fmt.Printf("处理一个请求平均耗时: %s\n", result.NsPerOp()/1000000)
    fmt.Printf("运行过程中go程最大数量: %d\n", runtime.NumGoroutine())
}