$brands         = Brand::orderBy('id','DESC')->get();
    $colors         = Color::orderBy('id','DESC')->get();
    $sizes          = Size::orderBy('id','DESC')->get();
    $weights        = Weight::orderBy('id','DESC')->get();
    $tags           = Tag::orderBy('id','DESC')->get();
    try{
        if (!empty($_GET['colors']) || !empty($_GET['brands']) || !empty($_GET['sizes']) || !empty($_GET['weights']) || !empty($_GET['tags'])) {
            $products = Product::where( function($query ){
                $query->when(!empty(request()->colors) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->whereHas('colors', function($subquery)  {
                        $subquery->whereIn('colors.id',request()->colors);
                    });
                })->when(!empty(request()->sizes) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->whereHas('sizes', function($subquery)  {
                        $subquery->whereIn('sizes.id',request()->sizes);
                    });
                })->when(!empty(request()->weights) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->whereHas('weights', function($subquery)  {
                        $subquery->whereIn('weights.id',request()->weights);
                    });
                })->when(!empty(request()->tags) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->whereHas('tags', function($subquery)  {
                        $subquery->whereIn('tags.id',request()->tags);
                    });
                })->when(!empty(request()->brands) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->whereHas('brand', function($subquery)  {
                        $subquery->whereIn('brand_id',request()->brands);
                    });
                })->when(!empty(request()->is_new) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->where('is_new',request()->is_new);
                })->when(!empty(request()->gender) ,function($subquery){
                    $subquery->where('gender', 'LIKE', "%" . request()->gender . "%");
                });
            })->paginate(10);
        
            
            return view('front.shop',compact('products','brands','colors','sizes','weights','tags'));
        } else {
            return  redirect()->route('products');
        }
        
    } catch (\Exception $e) {
        toastr()->error(trans('Some thing is wrong please try again'));
        return  redirect()->route('products');
    }

您需要按关系进行过滤，请查看文档

https://laravel.com/docs/9 .x/eloquent-relationships#querying-relationship-existence

举例说明 使用WhereHas

$filter_products = Product::with('attributes')
   ->where(['category_id' => $category->id])
   ->whereHas('attributes',function($query) use($request){
      $query->where(['color' => $request->color]);
   });

如果 with 中没有应用任何地方，则将返回所有属性

您可以使用在 whereHas 中应用的相同过滤器来防止这种行为

$filter_products = Product::with(['attributes'=>function($query) use($request){
        $query->where(['color' => $request->color]);
    }])
    ->where(['category_id' => $category->id])
    ->whereHas('attributes',function($query) use($request){
        $query->where(['color' => $request->color]);
    });