template <typename Element>
class Node {
public:  // 加上限定符就好了
  typedef Node<Element>* PtrToNode;
};

int main() {
  Node<int>::PtrToNode p = new Node<int>;
  delete p;
}

template <typename Element>
class Node {
};

template <typename Element>
using PtrToNode = Node<Element>*;

class C {};

PtrToNode<C> p;

更多内容见http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/type_alias