
ES6 引入的 JavaScript 解构功能,让数组和对象数据的提取和赋值变得高效便捷。它提升了代码的可读性和简洁性。
数组解构将数组元素直接赋值给变量:
<code class="javascript">const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]; const [x, y, z] = numbers; console.log(x); // 输出:1 console.log(y); // 输出:2 console.log(z); // 输出:3</code>
使用逗号占位符跳过数组元素:
<code class="javascript">const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]; const [x, , z] = numbers; console.log(x); // 输出:1 console.log(z); // 输出:3</code>
为缺失元素设置默认值:
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<code class="javascript">const numbers = [1]; const [x, y = 2] = numbers; console.log(x); // 输出:1 console.log(y); // 输出:2</code>
对象解构将对象属性赋值给变量,使用花括号 {}:
<code class="javascript">const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30,
city: "New York"
};
const { firstName, age, city } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(age); // 输出:30
console.log(city); // 输出:New York</code>解构时可重命名变量:
<code class="javascript">const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30
};
const { firstName: name, age: years } = person;
console.log(name); // 输出:John
console.log(years); // 输出:30</code>为对象属性设置默认值:
<code class="javascript">const person = {
firstName: "John"
};
const { firstName, age = 25 } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(age); // 输出:25</code>解构嵌套对象:
<code class="javascript">const person = {
firstName: "John",
address: {
city: "New York",
zip: "10001"
}
};
const { firstName, address: { city, zip } } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(city); // 输出:New York
console.log(zip); // 输出:10001</code>在函数参数中直接使用解构:
<code class="javascript">function showCoords([x, y]) {
console.log(`x: ${x}, y: ${y}`);
}
const coords = [10, 20];
showCoords(coords); // 输出:x: 10, y: 20</code><code class="javascript">function showPerson({ firstName, age }) {
console.log(`Name: ${firstName}, Age: ${age}`);
}
const person = { firstName: "Jane", age: 25 };
showPerson(person); // 输出:Name: Jane, Age: 25</code>剩余运算符 (...) 收集剩余元素或属性:
<code class="javascript">const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]; const [first, ...rest] = numbers; console.log(first); // 输出:1 console.log(rest); // 输出: [2, 3, 4]</code>
<code class="javascript">const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30,
city: "New York"
};
const { firstName, ...rest } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(rest); // 输出: { age: 30, city: 'New York' }</code>JavaScript 解构简化了数组和对象的操作,使代码更易读、更清晰。 尤其在处理复杂数据结构和函数参数时,其优势更为明显。
作者:Abhay Singh Kathayat
全栈开发人员,精通前后端技术,致力于构建高效、可扩展、用户友好的应用程序。
联系邮箱:kaashshorts28@gmail.com
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