关于undo表空间配置错误的ORA-30012

oracle@DevDB04:~> export ORACLE_SID=BODB3
oracle@DevDB04:~> sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Apr 23 10:19:27 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile=/u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  536870912 bytes
Fixed Size                  2097624 bytes
Variable Size             411045416 bytes
Database Buffers          117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

SQL> startup mount pfile=/u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora;
ORACLE instance started.
--注，undo 参数没有正确设置是可以mount的，
--mount阶段会读取控制文件以获取数据文件和重做日志文件的名字和状态信息，但不检查数据、日志文件存在与一致性

--Author: Leshami
--Blog  : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

--查看undo的配置
SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     900
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1
SQL> ho grep undo /u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
#undo_retention=86400
#undo_retention=172800

--数据字典中记录的undo信息，没有undotbs1，这就是问题所在
SQL> select name from v$tablespace where name like '%UNDO%';

NAME
------------------------------
UNDOTBS2
UNDOTBS

--下面查看undo对应的数据文件，有2个，应该是与上面的2个undo表空间相对应
SQL> ho ls -hltr /u02/database/BODB3/undo
total 301M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 201M 2014-04-23 10:19 undotbsBODB33.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 101M 2014-04-23 10:19 undotbsBODB32.dbf

SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.

--下面修改undo配置到任意一个undo表空间
SQL> ho vi /u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora

SQL> ho grep undo /u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS
#undo_retention=86400
#undo_retention=172800

--再次重启后可以正常open
--如果你使用的是spfile，可以直接通过alter system去修改
SQL> startup pfile=/u02/database/BODB3/initBODB3.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  536870912 bytes
Fixed Size                  2097624 bytes
Variable Size             411045416 bytes
Database Buffers          117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      BODB3
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
----------
READ WRITE

SQL> show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     900
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS