Linux实现自动挂载autofs的方法详解

#安装autofs工具
[root@rhel82 ~]# yum install -y autofs
<h1>启动autofs服务</h1><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# systemctl start autofs</p><h1>autofs服务启动后会生成/misc/cd目录，设置虚拟机连接光盘，实现自动挂载系统光盘</h1><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# ll /misc/
总用量 0</p><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# cd /misc/cd
[root@rhel82 cd]# df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs        1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           2.0G   10M  2.0G    1% /run
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p5   25G  4.4G   21G   18% /
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1014M  208M  807M   21% /boot
tmpfs           392M  1.2M  391M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs           392M  4.6M  387M    2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0        7.9G  7.9G     0  100% /misc/cd</p><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# rpm -ql autofs
[root@rhel82 ~]# rpm -qc autofs

# 例如挂载光盘: mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/sr0，其中/mnt目录为dirname，/mnt/sr0为basename，相当于/mnt/sr0 = /dirname/basename

[root@Centos8 ~]# cat /etc/auto.master
/misc   /etc/auto.misc</p><p>[root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/auto.misc
cd     -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom</p><h1>特殊写法：挂载点dataname和挂载目录dataname相同，即：mount 10.0.0.18:/data/www /misc/www</h1><ul><li>-fstype=nfs     10.0.0.18:/data/&

#服务端和客户端安装nfs-utils工具包
[root@server ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils
[root@client ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils
[root@server ~]# mkdir /nfs
[root@server ~]# cp /etc/passwd /nfs/</li></ul><h1>centos6系统nfs服务叫做nfs.service</h1><h1>centos7系统上nfs.service和nfs-server.service同一个服务</h1><h1>centos8只有nfs-server.service服务</h1><p>[root@server ~]# systemctl start nfs</p><h1>centos7系统可以解决服务之间依赖关系，并且nfs服务启动会自动启动rpcbind.service</h1><p>[root@server ~]# systemctl status rpcbind</p><p>[root@server ~]# vim /etc/exports
/nfs  *(rw)</p><p>[root@server ~]# exportfs -r
[root@server ~]# exportfs -v
/nfs            <world>(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,no_all_squash)</p><p>[root@server ~]# systemctl restart nfs
[root@server ~]# showmount -e 192.168.192.128
Export list for 192.168.192.128:
/nfs *</p><p>[root@client ~]# showmount -e 192.168.192.128
Export list for 192.168.192.128:
/nfs *</p><p>[root@client ~]# mkdir /opt/nfs
[root@client ~]# mount 192.168.192.128:/nfs /opt/nfs/
[root@client ~]# df -h | grep nfs
192.168.192.128:/nfs   62G  1.7G   61G    3% /opt/nfs</p><h1>编写autofs主配置文件</h1><p>[root@client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master
/opt /etc/auto.master.d/auto.nfs</p><h1>编写子配置文件</h1><p>[root@client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master.d/auto.nfs
nfs     -fstype=nfs       192.168.192.128:/nfs</p><h1>挂载点/dirname是/目录，查看autofs配置未生效，/目录数据</h1><p>[root@client ~]# cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg  /opt/
[root@client ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1453 12月  5 04:03 anaconda-ks.cfg</p><h1>如果修改主配置文件需要重启服务</h1><p>[root@client ~]# systemctl restart autofs</p><h1>一旦重启autofs服务，挂载dirname目录属于autofs服务管理，源数据不存在</h1><p>[root@centos8 ~]# ll /opt/
total 0</p><h1>cd进入指定挂载点，autofs就会自动挂载</h1><p>[root@client ~]# ls /opt/
[root@client ~]# cd /opt/nfs
[root@client nfs]# ls
passwd</p><p>[root@client nfs]# df -h | grep nfs
192.168.192.128:/nfs   62G  1.7G   61G    3% /opt/nfs
</world>

[root@client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master
/-     /etc/auto.master.d/auto.nfs</p><p>[root@client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master.d/auto.nfs
/opt/nfs     -fstype=nfs       192.168.192.128:/nfs</p><h1>autofs服务使用绝对路径自动挂载，不会覆盖原数据</h1><p>[root@client ~]# systemctl start autofs
[root@client ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1453 12月  5 04:03 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   20 12月  4 19:39 nfs</p><p>[root@client ~]# cd /opt/nfs/
[root@client nfs]# ls
passwd

[root@rhel82 ~]# yum install tuned -y</p><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# systemctl status tuned

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm active
Current active profile: virtual-guest

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm list
Available profiles:</p><ul><li>accelerator-performance     - Throughput performance based tuning with disabled higher latency STOP states</li><li>balanced                    - General non-specialized tuned profile</li><li>desktop                     - Optimize for the desktop use-case</li><li>hpc-compute                 - Optimize for HPC compute workloads</li><li>intel-sst                   - Configure for Intel Speed Select Base Frequency</li><li>latency-performance         - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption</li><li>network-latency             - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption, focused on low latency network performance</li><li>network-throughput          - Optimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G+ networks</li><li>optimize-serial-console     - Optimize for serial console use.</li><li>powersave                   - Optimize for low power consumption</li><li>throughput-performance      - Broadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads</li><li>virtual-guest               - Optimize for running inside a virtual guest</li><li>virtual-host                - Optimize for running KVM guests
Current active profile: virtual-guest

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm profile throughput-performance

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm active
Current active profile: throughput-performance

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm recommend
virtual-guest

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm profile virtual-guest

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm profile_info virtual-guest
Profile name:
virtual-guest</li></ul><p>Profile summary:
Optimize for running inside a virtual guest</p><p>Profile description:

[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm off</p><p>[root@rhel82 ~]# tuned-adm active
No current active profile.