敏感数据传输加密（AES/RSA）

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

public class SecureDataTransfer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 生成RSA密钥对
        KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        keyGen.initialize(2048);
        KeyPair pair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();
        PrivateKey privateKey = pair.getPrivate();
        PublicKey publicKey = pair.getPublic();

        // 生成AES密钥
        KeyGenerator keyGenAES = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        keyGenAES.init(128);
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenAES.generateKey();

        // 使用RSA公钥加密AES密钥
        Cipher cipherRSA = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipherRSA.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] encryptedAESKey = cipherRSA.doFinal(secretKey.getEncoded());

        // 使用AES加密数据
        Cipher cipherAES = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipherAES.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        String data = "敏感数据";
        byte[] encryptedData = cipherAES.doFinal(data.getBytes());

        // 模拟传输
        System.out.println("Encrypted AES Key: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedAESKey));
        System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedData));

        // 解密AES密钥
        cipherRSA.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] decryptedAESKey = cipherRSA.doFinal(encryptedAESKey);
        SecretKey originalSecretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptedAESKey, 0, decryptedAESKey.length, "AES");

        // 解密数据
        cipherAES.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, originalSecretKey);
        byte[] decryptedData = cipherAES.doFinal(encryptedData);
        System.out.println("Decrypted Data: " + new String(decryptedData));
    }
}