如何利用异常链(raise from)保留原始错误上下文而不丢失信息？

def process_data(data):
    try:
        # 模拟一个可能出错的操作
        result = 10 / data
        return result
    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
        # 抛出一个更高级的异常，同时保留原始异常的信息
        raise ValueError("数据处理失败：除数为零") from e

try:
    result = process_data(0)
    print(result)
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"捕获到异常: {e}")
    print(f"原始异常: {e.__cause__}")

class DataProcessingError(Exception):
    """数据处理异常基类"""
    pass

class InvalidDataError(DataProcessingError):
    """数据无效异常"""
    pass

def validate_data(data):
    if data is None:
        raise InvalidDataError("数据不能为空")

def process_data(data):
    try:
        validate_data(data)
        result = 10 / data
        return result
    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
        raise DataProcessingError("数据处理失败：除数为零") from e
    except InvalidDataError as e:
        raise  # 重新抛出 InvalidDataError，不需要 from，因为它本身就是源头

try:
    result = process_data(None)
    print(result)
except DataProcessingError as e:
    print(f"捕获到数据处理异常: {e}")
    if e.__cause__:
        print(f"原始异常: {e.__cause__}")
except InvalidDataError as e:
    print(f"捕获到数据无效异常: {e}") #不需要打印 e.__cause__，因为它本身就是源头

import asyncio

async def inner_task(data):
    try:
        await asyncio.sleep(1) # 模拟耗时操作
        result = 10 / data
        return result
    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
        raise ValueError("内部任务失败：除数为零") from e

async def outer_task(data):
    try:
        result = await inner_task(data)
        return result
    except ValueError as e:
        raise RuntimeError("外部任务失败，无法完成计算") from e

async def main():
    try:
        result = await outer_task(0)
        print(result)
    except RuntimeError as e:
        print(f"主任务捕获到异常: {e}")
        if e.__cause__:
            print(f"原始异常: {e.__cause__}")
            if e.__cause__.__cause__:
                print(f"更原始的异常: {e.__cause__.__cause__}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())