解决AWS Lambda中使用SQLAlchemy连接Redshift时出现的“AttributeError: module 'sqlalchemy.util' has no attribute 'text_type'”错误

import pandas as pd
import sqlalchemy as sq

def connect_to_redshift(redshift_endpoint, redshift_db_user, redshift_db_password):
    """
    连接到Redshift数据库。

    Args:
        redshift_endpoint (str): Redshift终端节点。
        redshift_db_user (str): Redshift用户名。
        redshift_db_password (str): Redshift密码。

    Returns:
        sqlalchemy.engine.Engine: SQLAlchemy引擎对象。
    """
    url = sq.engine.url.URL.create(
        drivername='redshift+redshift_connector',
        host=redshift_endpoint,
        port=5439,
        database='dev',
        username=redshift_db_user,
        password=redshift_db_password
    )
    print('Connection URL is', url)
    engine = sq.create_engine(url)
    return engine

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    """
    AWS Lambda处理函数。

    Args:
        event (dict): 事件数据。
        context (LambdaContext): Lambda上下文对象。

    Returns:
        dict: 响应数据。
    """
    redshift_endpoint = 'your_redshift_endpoint' # 替换为你的Redshift Endpoint
    redshift_db_user = 'your_redshift_user' # 替换为你的Redshift 用户名
    redshift_db_password = 'your_redshift_password' # 替换为你的Redshift 密码

    try:
        engine = connect_to_redshift(redshift_endpoint, redshift_db_user, redshift_db_password)
        cnn = engine.connect()
        print("Successfully connected to Redshift!")

        # 示例：读取数据到pandas DataFrame
        df = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM your_table LIMIT 10", cnn) # 替换为你的表名
        print(df.head())

        cnn.close()
        engine.dispose()

        return {
            'statusCode': 200,
            'body': 'Successfully connected to Redshift and executed query.'
        }
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return {
            'statusCode': 500,
            'body': f'Error connecting to Redshift: {e}'
        }