大家好,很高兴再次与大家见面,我是你们的老朋友全栈君。
Java PreparedStatement与Statement类似,是Java JDBC Framework的一部分。它用于对数据库执行CRUD操作。PreparedStatement扩展了Statement接口。由于支持参数化查询,PreparedStatement被认为更为安全,并且可以防止SQL注入攻击。我们可以通过调用Connection的prepareStatement(String query)方法来获取PreparedStatement的实例,如下所示:
// 方法:public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String query) throws SQLException {} // 使用:Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("select id, firstname, lastname, email, birthdate from tblcustomer");
PreparedStatement的优势:
PreparedStatement不仅可以用于参数化查询,还可以用于普通查询。其查询性能优于Statement。PreparedStatement的实例可以被重复使用,以执行具有不同参数的同一查询。此外,PreparedStatement可以保护应用程序免受SQL注入攻击。
立即学习“Java免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Java PreparedStatement层次结构
PreparedStatement方法:
我们可以将方法分为不同的类别。
执行查询:
将参数值传递给查询:
注意:参数索引值从1开始,所有这些方法都会抛出SQLException。
Java PreparedStatement示例:
我们将使用MySQL数据库来演示PreparedStatement的使用。使用以下DB脚本创建数据库、表和示例数据:
create database customerdb; use customerdb; create table tblcustomer( id integer AUTO_INCREMENT primary key, firstname varchar(32), lastname varchar(32), email varchar(32), birthdate datetime); insert into tblcustomer (id,firstname,lastname,email,birthdate) values(1,'Ricky','Smith','ricky@google.com','2001-12-10');
数据库连接信息:
Maven依赖关系:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.48</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
使用PreparedStatement获取数据:
在这种情况下,我们将从tblcustomer表中获取具有指定id的行。查询将返回单行。
package com.journaldev.examples; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; public class PreparedStatementDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; int customerId = 1; String query = "select id, firstname, lastname, email, birthdate from tblcustomer where id = ?"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); ps = con.prepareStatement(query); ps.setInt(1, customerId); rs = ps.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { System.out.println("Id:" + rs.getInt(1)); System.out.println("First Name:" + rs.getString(2)); System.out.println("Last Name:" + rs.getString("lastname")); System.out.println("Email:" + rs.getString("email")); System.out.println("BirthDate:" + rs.getDate("birthdate")); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { rs.close(); ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
执行步骤:
程序输出:
Id:1 First Name:Ricky Last Name:Smith Email:ricky@google.com BirthDate:2001-12-1
使用PreparedStatement进行插入操作:
在此示例中,我们将使用PreparedStatement在tblcustomer表中执行插入操作。
package com.journaldev.examples; import java.sql.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; public class PrepareStatementInsertDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; String firstname = "matthew"; String lastname = "wade"; String email = "matthew@java.com"; Date birthdate = new Date(new SimpleDateFormat("YYYY-MM-DD").parse("2000-12-12").getTime()); String query = "insert into tblcustomer (id,firstname,lastname,email,birthdate) values(default,?,?,?,?)"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); ps = con.prepareStatement(query, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); ps.setString(1, firstname); ps.setString(2, lastname); ps.setString(3, email); ps.setDate(4, birthdate); int row = ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("No. of Rows inserted:" + row); rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys(); if (rs.next()) { System.out.println("Id of new Customer:" + rs.getInt(1)); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { rs.close(); ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
在此示例中,在创建PreparedStatement实例时,我们传递了两个参数。第一个是查询本身,第二个是“Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS”,这将帮助我们获取新行的主键值。
以下代码用于为插入查询提供参数:
ps.setString(1, firstname); ps.setString(2, lastname); ps.setString(3, email); ps.setDate(4, birthdate);
如前面的程序中所述,executeUpdate()方法用于执行插入操作。它将返回受我们的查询影响的行数。
程序输出:
No. of Rows inserted:1 Id of new Customer:2
如果您转到数据库并执行选择查询,您将看到以下结果:
mysql> use customerdb; Database changed mysql> select * from tblcustomer; +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ | id | firstname | lastname | email | birthdate | +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ | 1 | Ricky | Smith | ricky@google.com | 2001-12-10 00:00:00 | | 2 | matthew | wade | matthew@java.com | 1999-12-26 00:00:00 | +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用PreparedStatement进行更新操作:
现在我们将执行更新操作。我们将更新电子邮件为“matthew@java.com”的客户的名字和姓氏。这行是在前面的示例中插入的。
package com.journaldev.examples; import java.sql.*; public class PrepareStatementUpdateDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; String email = "matthew@java.com"; String newFirstname = "john"; String newLastname = "smith"; String query = "update tblcustomer set firstname = ?,lastname =? where email = ?"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); ps = con.prepareStatement(query); ps.setString(1, newFirstname); ps.setString(2, newLastname); ps.setString(3, email); int row = ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("No. of Rows Updated:" + row); if (row == 1) { String selectQuery = "select id,firstname,lastname,email,birthdate from tblcustomer where email=?"; try (PreparedStatement selStatement = con.prepareStatement(selectQuery);) { selStatement.setString(1, email); ResultSet rs = selStatement.executeQuery(); if (rs.next()) { System.out.println("Id:" + rs.getInt(1)); System.out.println("First Name:" + rs.getString(2)); System.out.println("Last Name:" + rs.getString("lastname")); System.out.println("Email:" + rs.getString("email")); System.out.println("BirthDate:" + rs.getDate("birthdate")); } rs.close(); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
了解程序:
在上面的示例中,我们在查询中有三个参数。第一个是新名字,第二个是新姓氏,第三个是客户的电子邮件。
以下代码行将此参数的值提供给PreparedStatement:
ps.setString(1, newFirstname); ps.setString(2, newLastname); ps.setString(3, email);
executeUpdate()方法用于执行更新查询。它将返回查询更新的行数。
程序输出:
No. of Rows Updated:1 Id:2 First Name:john Last Name:smith Email:matthew@java.com BirthDate:1999-12-26
您可以使用SQL查询在数据库中检查更新:
mysql> select * from tblcustomer; +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ | id | firstname | lastname | email | birthdate | +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ | 1 | Ricky | Smith | ricky@google.com | 2001-12-10 00:00:00 | | 2 | john | smith | matthew@java.com | 1999-12-26 00:00:00 | +----+-----------+----------+------------------+---------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用PreparedStatement进行删除操作:
现在我们将删除电子邮件为“matthew@java.com”的客户记录。
package com.journaldev.examples; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; public class PrepareStatementDeleteDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; String email = "matthew@java.com"; String query = "delete from tblcustomer where email = ?"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); ps = con.prepareStatement(query); ps.setString(1, email); int row = ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("No. of Rows Deleted:" + row); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
PreparedStatement中的批处理方法:
使用PreparedStatement的批量/批量操作:
package com.journaldev.examples; import java.sql.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; public class PrepareStatementBatchDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("YYYY-MM-DD"); String query = "insert into tblcustomer (id,firstname,lastname,email,birthdate) values(default,?,?,?,?)"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customerdb", "root", "root"); ps = con.prepareStatement(query, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); // 1st Insert ps.setString(1, "Ross"); ps.setString(2, "Southee"); ps.setString(3, "ross@java.com"); ps.setDate(4, new Date(sdf.parse("2000-12-12").getTime())); ps.addBatch(); // 2nd Insert ps.setString(1, "Mayank"); ps.setString(2, "Kohli"); ps.setString(3, "mayank@java.com"); ps.setDate(4, new Date(sdf.parse("2005-12-12").getTime())); ps.addBatch(); // 3rd Insert ps.setString(1, "Tom"); ps.setString(2, "Patel"); ps.setString(3, "tom@java.com"); ps.setDate(4, new Date(sdf.parse("1995-12-12").getTime())); ps.addBatch(); // Execution int[] rows = ps.executeBatch(); for (int row : rows) { System.out.println("No. of Rows inserted:" + row); } rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys(); while (rs.next()) { System.out.println("Id of new Customer:" + rs.getInt(1)); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { rs.close(); ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
在上面的示例中,我们分批插入了3个客户记录。批量插入多行比单行插入更有效。addBatch()方法将数据添加到批处理中。executeBatch()执行批处理中的所有查询。
输出:
No. of Rows inserted:1 No. of Rows inserted:1 No. of Rows inserted:1 Id of new Customer:10 Id of new Customer:11 Id of new Customer:12
您可以通过此链接下载完整的Java项目。
参考:Java文档
发布者:全栈程序员栈长,转载请注明出处:https://www.php.cn/link/dbe2b7e940f999dbd70a13eb1da19ea1 原文链接:https://www.php.cn/link/c8377ad2a50fb65de28b11cfc628d75c
以上就是Java PreparedStatement的详细内容,更多请关注php中文网其它相关文章!
每个人都需要一台速度更快、更稳定的 PC。随着时间的推移,垃圾文件、旧注册表数据和不必要的后台进程会占用资源并降低性能。幸运的是,许多工具可以让 Windows 保持平稳运行。
Copyright 2014-2025 https://www.php.cn/ All Rights Reserved | php.cn | 湘ICP备2023035733号