PHP OOP中PDO数据库连接选项的正确配置与TypeError规避

Warning: Array to string conversion in ...
Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: PDO::__construct(): Argument #4 ($options) must be of type ?array, string given in ...

$this->options = array(
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_OBJ,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES   => false,
);

$this->connect = new PDO("mysql:host=$this->host; dbname=$this->database", "$this->username", "$this->password", "$this->options");

<?php

class DatabaseConnection
{
    private $host;
    private $username;
    private $password;
    private $database;
    private $options;
    public $connect; // 公开PDO连接对象以便外部使用

    public function __construct()
    {
        // 建议从配置文件或环境变量中获取这些值，而非硬编码
        $this->host = 'localhost';
        $this->username = 'root';
        $this->password = '';
        $this->database = 'vicas';

        // PDO连接选项：推荐配置
        $this->options = [
            PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,   // 错误模式：抛出异常
            PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_OBJ,           // 默认取回模式：对象
            PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES   => false,                    // 禁用模拟预处理语句，使用真正的预处理
        ];

        // 正确的PDO连接初始化
        // 注意：$this->options 不再被双引号包裹
        // $this->username 和 $this->password 也不需要双引号，因为它们已经是字符串
        try {
            $dsn = "mysql:host=$this->host;dbname=$this->database;charset=utf8mb4"; // 明确指定字符集
            $this->connect = new PDO($dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            // 在生产环境中，不应直接暴露错误信息
            // 而是记录日志并显示友好的错误页面
            die("数据库连接失败: " . $e->getMessage());
        }

        // 会话管理通常不属于数据库连接类的职责，可以考虑分离
        // session_start(); 
    }

    /**
     * 执行SQL查询
     *
     * @param string $query SQL查询语句
     * @param array $data 绑定到预处理语句的数据
     * @return PDOStatement
     */
    public function execute_query($query, $data = [])
    {
        $statement = $this->connect->prepare($query);
        $statement->execute($data);
        return $statement;
    }

    /**
     * 获取查询结果的总行数
     *
     * @param string $query SQL查询语句
     * @param array $data 绑定到预处理语句的数据
     * @return int
     */
    public function total_row($query, $data = [])
    {
        $statement = $this->execute_query($query, $data);
        return $statement->rowCount();
    }

    /**
     * 执行页面重定向
     *
     * @param string $page 目标URL
     */
    public function redirect($page)
    {
        header('Location: ' . $page);
        exit;
    }
}

// 示例使用
/*
try {
    $db = new DatabaseConnection();

    // 示例：插入数据
    $insertQuery = "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)";
    $db->execute_query($insertQuery, ['John Doe', 'john@example.com']);
    echo "用户插入成功！<br>";

    // 示例：查询数据
    $selectQuery = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?";
    $users = $db->execute_query($selectQuery, ['John Doe'])->fetchAll();
    echo "查询结果：<br>";
    print_r($users);

} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "操作失败: " . $e->getMessage();
}
*/
?>