Python 面向对象：如何通过一个对象的方法修改另一个对象的属性

class Character:
    def __init__(self, health, power, char_range, position):
        self.health = health
        self.power = power
        self.range = char_range # 注意：避免使用内置函数名 'range'
        self.position = position

    def get_health(self):
        return self.health

    def set_health(self, value):
        # 原始问题中的实现：self.health = self.get_health(); self.health -= value
        # 这种写法是错误的，因为它首先将health设为当前值，然后减去value
        # 正确的set_health应该直接将health设为传入的新值
        self.health = value

    def punch(self, value):
        # 原始问题中的实现：value -= self.power; return value
        # 这里的value是传入的char2.get_health()的副本
        # 对value的修改不会影响到char2的实际health属性
        value -= self.power
        return value

# 原始尝试的交互代码
# char1 = Character(100, 25, 5, 3)
# char2 = Character(100, 20, 3, 4)

# # 尝试通过char1的punch方法修改char2的health
# char2.health = char1.punch(char2.get_health())

# print(char2.get_health()) # 原始问题中输出 None

class Character:
    def __init__(self, health, power, char_range, position):
        self.health = health
        self.power = power
        self.range = char_range  # 推荐使用 char_range 避免与内置函数 range 冲突
        self.position = position

    def get_health(self):
        """
        获取角色的当前生命值。
        """
        return self.health

    def set_health(self, new_health):
        """
        设置角色的生命值为一个新值。
        参数:
            new_health: int, 角色的新生命值。
        """
        self.health = new_health

    def take_damage(self, damage_amount):
        """
        角色受到伤害。
        参数:
            damage_amount: int, 角色受到的伤害量。
        """
        self.health -= damage_amount
        if self.health < 0:
            self.health = 0 # 确保生命值不低于0
        print(f"{self.__class__.__name__} at position {self.position} took {damage_amount} damage. Health: {self.health}")


    def punch(self, target_character):
        """
        当前角色攻击另一个角色，使其受到伤害。
        参数:
            target_character: Character, 被攻击的目标角色对象。
        """
        if not isinstance(target_character, Character):
            print("Error: Target must be a Character object.")
            return

        damage_dealt = self.power
        print(f"{self.__class__.__name__} at position {self.position} punches {target_character.__class__.__name__} at position {target_character.position} for {damage_dealt} damage.")
        target_character.take_damage(damage_dealt) # 调用目标对象的take_damage方法
        return damage_dealt # 可以选择返回造成的伤害量

# 创建两个角色实例
char1 = Character(health=100, power=25, char_range=5, position=3)
char2 = Character(health=100, power=20, char_range=3, position=4)

print(f"初始状态：")
print(f"char1 Health: {char1.get_health()}")
print(f"char2 Health: {char2.get_health()}\n")

# char1 攻击 char2
char1.punch(char2)

print(f"\n攻击后状态：")
print(f"char1 Health: {char1.get_health()}") # char1的生命值不变
print(f"char2 Health: {char2.get_health()}") # char2的生命值已更新

初始状态：
char1 Health: 100
char2 Health: 100

Character at position 3 punches Character at position 4 for 25 damage.
Character at position 4 took 25 damage. Health: 75

攻击后状态：
char1 Health: 100
char2 Health: 75