C++如何实现简易问卷调查程序

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <map> // 用于存储答案，问题ID到答案的映射

// 定义问题类型
enum class QuestionType {
    Text,        // 文本输入
    SingleChoice // 单选
    // 还可以扩展多选、数字输入等
};

// 问题结构体
struct Question {
    int id;
    QuestionType type;
    std::string text;
    std::vector<std::string> options; // 如果是单选/多选，这里存选项
};

// 问卷结果结构体
struct SurveyResponse {
    int responseId;
    std::map<int, std::string> answers; // 问题ID -> 用户答案
};

// 全局或类成员，用于存储所有问题和已完成的问卷
std::vector<Question> questions;
std::vector<SurveyResponse> allResponses;
int nextResponseId = 1; // 用于生成唯一的问卷ID

// 加载问题（这里简化为硬编码，实际可以从文件读取）
void loadQuestions() {
    questions.push_back({1, QuestionType::Text, "您的姓名是？"});
    questions.push_back({2, QuestionType::SingleChoice, "您对本次服务的满意度？", {"非常满意", "满意", "一般", "不满意"}});
    questions.push_back({3, QuestionType::Text, "您有什么建议？"});
}

// 显示问题并获取用户输入
std::string askQuestion(const Question& q) {
    std::cout << q.id << ". " << q.text << std::endl;
    if (q.type == QuestionType::SingleChoice) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < q.options.size(); ++i) {
            std::cout << "  " << (i + 1) << ". " << q.options[i] << std::endl;
        }
        std::cout << "请选择一个选项（输入数字）：";
        int choice;
        while (!(std::cin >> choice) || choice < 1 || choice > q.options.size()) {
            std::cout << "无效输入，请重新输入数字：";
            std::cin.clear(); // 清除错误标志
            std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n'); // 忽略错误输入
        }
        std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n'); // 消耗掉回车
        return q.options[choice - 1];
    } else { // Text类型
        std::cout << "您的回答：";
        std::string answer;
        std::getline(std::cin, answer);
        return answer;
    }
}

// 保存问卷结果到文件
void saveResponsesToFile(const std::string& filename = "survey_results.txt") {
    std::ofstream outFile(filename, std::ios::app); // 以追加模式打开
    if (!outFile.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "错误：无法打开文件 " << filename << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    for (const auto& response : allResponses) {
        outFile << "--- 问卷ID: " << response.responseId << " ---\n";
        for (const auto& pair : response.answers) {
            // 找到对应的问题文本，让输出更易读
            std::string questionText = "未知问题";
            for(const auto& q : questions) {
                if(q.id == pair.first) {
                    questionText = q.text;
                    break;
                }
            }
            outFile << "  问题 " << pair.first << " (" << questionText << "): " << pair.second << "\n";
        }
        outFile << "\n";
    }
    outFile.close();
    allResponses.clear(); // 保存后清空内存中的待保存数据
    std::cout << "问卷结果已保存到 " << filename << std::endl;
}

// 主程序流程
int main() {
    loadQuestions();
    std::cout << "欢迎参加问卷调查！\n" << std::endl;

    char continueSurvey = 'y';
    while (continueSurvey == 'y' || continueSurvey == 'Y') {
        SurveyResponse currentResponse;
        currentResponse.responseId = nextResponseId++;

        for (const auto& q : questions) {
            currentResponse.answers[q.id] = askQuestion(q);
        }
        allResponses.push_back(currentResponse);

        std::cout << "\n感谢您的参与！还要继续填写问卷吗？(y/n): ";
        std::cin >> continueSurvey;
        std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n'); // 消耗掉回车
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    saveResponsesToFile();
    return 0;
}

Question

SurveyResponse

askQuestion

enum class

QuestionType

Text

SingleChoice

Question

Text

options

options

options

BaseQuestion

TextQuestion

SingleChoiceQuestion

display()

getAnswer()

BaseQuestion

// 抽象基类
class BaseQuestion {
public:
    int id;
    std::string text;
    BaseQuestion(int id, const std::string& text) : id(id), text(text) {}
    virtual ~BaseQuestion() = default;
    virtual std::string askAndGetAnswer() = 0; // 纯虚函数，子类实现
};

// 文本问题
class TextQuestion : public BaseQuestion {
public:
    TextQuestion(int id, const std::string& text) : BaseQuestion(id, text) {}
    std::string askAndGetAnswer() override {
        std::cout << id << ". " << text << std::endl;
        std::cout << "您的回答：";
        std::string answer;
        std::getline(std::cin, answer);
        return answer;
    }
};

// 单选问题
class SingleChoiceQuestion : public BaseQuestion {
private:
    std::vector<std::string> options;
public:
    SingleChoiceQuestion(int id, const std::string& text, const std::vector<std::string>& opts)
        : BaseQuestion(id, text), options(opts) {}
    std::string askAndGetAnswer() override {
        std::cout << id << ". " << text << std::endl;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
            std::cout << "  " << (i + 1) << ". " << options[i] << std::endl;
        }
        std::cout << "请选择一个选项（输入数字）：";
        int choice;
        while (!(std::cin >> choice) || choice < 1 || choice > options.size()) {
            std::cout << "无效输入，请重新输入数字：";
            std::cin.clear();
            std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
        }
        std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
        return options[choice - 1];
    }
};
// main函数中就可以用 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BaseQuestion>> questions; 来存储了。

fstream

std::ofstream

std::ios::app

ofstream::is_open()

outFile.close()