Golang使用net/http处理RESTful路由

net/http

http.HandleFunc

http.Handle

http.ServeMux

http.ServeMux

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "net/http"
)

type User struct {
    ID   int    `json:"id"`
    Name string `json:"name"`
}

var users = []User{{ID: 1, Name: "Alice"}}

func usersHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    switch r.Method {
    case "GET":
        json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
    case "POST":
        var user User
        json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)
        users = append(users, user)
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
    default:
        http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
    }
}

func userHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 简化：假设路径为 /users/1
    if r.Method == "GET" {
        json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users[0])
    } else {
        http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
    }
}

func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users", usersHandler)
    mux.HandleFunc("POST /users", usersHandler)
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users/", userHandler) // 注意结尾斜杠匹配子路径

    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)
}

net/http

/users/{id}

func userHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    path := r.URL.Path
    idStr := strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/users/")
    id, err := strconv.Atoi(idStr)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, "Invalid user ID", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }

    // 查找用户等操作
    // ...
}

func registerUserRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users", getUsers)
    mux.HandleFunc("POST /users", createUser)
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users/", getUser)
    mux.HandleFunc("PUT /users/", updateUser)
    mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /users/", deleteUser)
}

main

registerUserRoutes(mux)

func loggingMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        log.Printf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
        next(w, r)
    }
}

mux.HandleFunc("GET /users", loggingMiddleware(getUsers))

net/http