python中怎么实现类的继承？

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        print(f"一个叫 {self.name} 的动物诞生了。")

    def speak(self):
        # 这是一个抽象方法，强制子类实现
        raise NotImplementedError("子类必须实现这个方法")

    def move(self):
        print(f"{self.name} 正在移动。")

class Dog(Animal): # Dog 继承自 Animal
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        super().__init__(name) # 调用父类的构造函数
        self.breed = breed
        print(f"它是一只 {self.breed}。")

    def speak(self): # 重写父类的 speak 方法
        print(f"{self.name} 汪汪叫！")

class Cat(Animal): # Cat 也继承自 Animal
    def __init__(self, name, color):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.color = color
        print(f"它有 {self.color} 的毛。")

    def speak(self):
        print(f"{self.name} 喵喵叫！")

# 使用示例
my_dog = Dog("旺财", "金毛")
my_dog.move()
my_dog.speak()

my_cat = Cat("咪咪", "白色")
my_cat.move()
my_cat.speak()

# 尝试创建一个基础动物，会因为 speak 未实现而报错
# generic_animal = Animal("无名")
# generic_animal.speak()

Dog

Cat

Animal

name

move

super().__init__(name)

breed

color

speak

生物

动物

哺乳动物

狗

Animal

Dog

Bird

fly

animals

Dog

Cat

speak()

animals = [Dog("小黑", "拉布拉多"), Cat("花花", "橘猫")]
for animal in animals:
    animal.speak() # 调用的是 Dog 的 speak 或 Cat 的 speak

if-else

FlyingAnimal

SwimmingAnimal

Duck

class FlyingAnimal:
    def fly(self):
        print("我能飞！")

class SwimmingAnimal:
    def swim(self):
        print("我能游！")

class Duck(Animal, FlyingAnimal, SwimmingAnimal): # 多重继承
    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name) # 调用 Animal 的构造函数
        print(f"我是 {self.name}，一只鸭子。")

    def speak(self):
        print(f"{self.name} 嘎嘎叫！")

my_duck = Duck("唐老鸭")
my_duck.move()
my_duck.fly()
my_duck.swim()
my_duck.speak()

ClassName.__mro__

help(ClassName)

print(Duck.__mro__)
# 输出大致是：(<class '__main__.Duck'>, <class '__main__.Animal'>, <class '__main__.FlyingAnimal'>, <class '__main__.SwimmingAnimal'>, <class 'object'>)

super()

super()