Python函数中如何高效返回循环内的所有匹配项

car_numbers = ['VX33322', 'VF12355', 'VF77455', 'DA?????', 'VF10055']

def match_list_problematic(car_numbers_list):
    car_pattern = 'VF???55'
    for car_num in car_numbers_list:
        # 这里的匹配逻辑是：模式字符串中除去与car_num相同字符后，只剩下'?'
        # 这种方法在特定场景下有效，但不够通用，将在后续优化
        if set(car_pattern) - set(car_num) == {'?'}:
            return car_num # 问题所在：return语句在这里会立即退出函数

print(match_list_problematic(car_numbers))

car_numbers = ['VX33322', 'VF12355', 'VF77455', 'DA?????', 'VF10055']
# 全局列表，用于存储匹配结果
res_list_global = [] 

def match_list_global_res(car_numbers_list):
    car_pattern = 'VF???55'
    for car_num in car_numbers_list:
        if set(car_pattern) - set(car_num) == {'?'}:
            res_list_global.append(car_num) # 将匹配项添加到列表中
    return res_list_global # 在循环结束后返回整个列表

print(match_list_global_res(car_numbers))

car_numbers = ['VX33322', 'VF12355', 'VF77455', 'DA?????', 'VF10055']

def match_list_encapsulated(car_numbers_list):
    car_pattern = 'VF???55'
    matched_cars = [] # 在函数内部初始化一个空列表
    for car_num in car_numbers_list:
        if set(car_pattern) - set(car_num) == {'?'}:
            matched_cars.append(car_num) # 将匹配项添加到局部列表中
    return matched_cars # 在循环结束后返回局部列表

print(match_list_encapsulated(car_numbers))

def is_pattern_match(pattern, candidate):
    """
    检查一个字符串（candidate）是否与包含通配符'?'的模式（pattern）匹配。
    '?'可以匹配任何单个字符。
    """
    if len(pattern) != len(candidate):
        return False # 长度不一致则不匹配

    for p_char, c_char in zip(pattern, candidate):
        if p_char == '?':
            continue # 模式中的'?'匹配候选字符串中的任何字符
        if p_char != c_char:
            return False # 其他字符必须完全匹配
    return True # 所有字符都匹配成功

def find_matching_car_numbers(car_numbers_list, pattern):
    """
    从车牌号列表中找出所有与给定模式匹配的车牌号。
    """
    matched_cars = []
    for car_num in car_numbers_list:
        if is_pattern_match(pattern, car_num):
            matched_cars.append(car_num)
    return matched_cars

# 示例使用
car_numbers_data = ['VX33322', 'VF12355', 'VF77455', 'DA?????', 'VF10055', 'VF_ _ _55']
search_pattern = 'VF???55'

result = find_matching_car_numbers(car_numbers_data, search_pattern)
print(f"匹配模式 '{search_pattern}' 的车牌号有: {result}")

# 另一个模式示例
search_pattern_2 = 'DA?????';
result_2 = find_matching_car_numbers(car_numbers_data, search_pattern_2)
print(f"匹配模式 '{search_pattern_2}' 的车牌号有: {result_2}")

匹配模式 'VF???55' 的车牌号有: ['VF12355', 'VF77455', 'VF10055']
匹配模式 'DA?????' 的车牌号有: ['DA?????']