解决Spring Data JPA测试中List断言失败的常见问题

expected: "[com.example.recipesapi.model.Recipe@45f421c] (List12@14983265)"
 but was: "[com.example.recipesapi.model.Recipe@45f421c] (ArrayList@361483eb)"

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
class RecipeRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private RecipeRepository recipeRepositoryUnderTest;

    @BeforeEach
    void tearDown() {
        // 确保每个测试前清空数据库，保证测试隔离性
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.deleteAll();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldFindSingleRecipeByName() {
        // given
        String searchName = "Tomato soup";

        // 创建Recipe对象，注意：手动设置的ID在saveAll后可能被数据库覆盖
        Recipe recipe1 = new Recipe(
                null, // 最好将ID设为null，让数据库自动生成
                "Tomato soup",
                "Delicious tomato soup",
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "),
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. ")
        );

        Recipe recipe2 = new Recipe(
                null, // 最好将ID设为null，让数据库自动生成
                "Mushrooms soup",
                "Delicious mushrooms soup",
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "),
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. ")
        );

        // 保存到数据库，此时recipe1和recipe2的ID会被数据库更新
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe1); // 单独保存以获取更新后的ID
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe2);

        // when
        List<Recipe> recipesList = recipeRepositoryUnderTest.findRecipeByName(searchName.toLowerCase());

        // then
        // 使用 containsExactly 比较列表元素，忽略列表的具体实现类型
        // 这里需要确保recipe1对象是数据库中实际存在的那个，或者比较其业务属性
        assertThat(recipesList).containsExactly(recipe1); 
        // 更好的做法是比较对象的业务属性，或者重新从数据库加载以确保是同一个对象实例
        // 例如：assertThat(recipesList).hasSize(1).extracting(Recipe::getName).containsExactly("Tomato soup");
    }

    // 其他测试方法保持不变，或同样应用containsExactly
    @Test
    void shouldFindTwoRecipesByName() {
        String searchName = "oup";

        Recipe recipe1 = new Recipe(null, "Tomato soup", "Delicious tomato soup", Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "), Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "));
        Recipe recipe2 = new Recipe(null, "Mushrooms soup", "Delicious mushrooms soup", Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "), Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "));

        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe1);
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe2);

        List<Recipe> recipesList = recipeRepositoryUnderTest.findRecipeByName(searchName.toLowerCase());

        // 使用 containsExactlyInAnyOrder，因为查询结果的顺序可能不确定
        assertThat(recipesList).containsExactlyInAnyOrder(recipe1, recipe2);
    }

    @Test
    void findByNameShouldReturnEmptyListOfRecipes() {
        String searchName = "Tomato soup";
        List<Recipe> recipesList = recipeRepositoryUnderTest.findRecipeByName(searchName.toLowerCase());
        assertThat(recipesList).isEmpty(); // 或者 assertThat(recipesList).containsExactly();
    }
}

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;

import java.util.ArrayList; // 引入 ArrayList
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
class RecipeRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private RecipeRepository recipeRepositoryUnderTest;

    @BeforeEach
    void tearDown() {
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.deleteAll();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldFindSingleRecipeByName() {
        // given
        String searchName = "Tomato soup";

        Recipe recipe1 = new Recipe(
                null, // 建议设为null，让数据库生成ID
                "Tomato soup",
                "Delicious tomato soup",
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "),
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. ")
        );

        Recipe recipe2 = new Recipe(
                null, // 建议设为null，让数据库生成ID
                "Mushrooms soup",
                "Delicious mushrooms soup",
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. "),
                Arrays.asList("1. ", "2. ")
        );

        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe1); // 单独保存以获取更新后的ID
        recipeRepositoryUnderTest.save(recipe2);

        // when
        List<Recipe> recipesList = recipeRepositoryUnderTest.findRecipeByName(searchName.toLowerCase());

        // then
        // 将预期列表包装成 ArrayList，使其类型与实际结果类型一致
        assertThat(recipesList).isEqualTo(new ArrayList<>(List.of(recipe1)));
    }

    // 其他测试方法类似处理
}