Selenium 模态框自动化交互：应对点击防抖与动态元素定位挑战

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 等待ID为'myElement'的元素在10秒内变得可见
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, 'myElement'))
)

import time
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def click_and_wait_for_modal_with_retry(driver, max_retries, button_locator, modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value):
    """
    点击按钮并等待模态框出现，带重试机制。
    :param driver: WebDriver实例
    :param max_retries: 最大重试次数
    :param button_locator: 按钮的定位器（元组，如 (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button.my-button')）
    :param modal_locator_by: 模态框定位器的类型 (如 By.CSS_SELECTOR)
    :param modal_locator_value: 模态框定位器的值 (如 '.andes-modal__overlay')
    """
    retries = 0
    while retries < max_retries:
        print(f"尝试点击按钮，第 {retries + 1} 次...")
        # 1. 等待按钮可点击并点击
        button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(button_locator))
        button.click()

        # 2. 简短的等待，给页面响应时间，避免过于频繁的检查
        time.sleep(0.5) 

        # 3. 检查模态框是否已出现且可见
        # find_elements 返回列表，如果为空则说明元素未找到
        modal_elements = driver.find_elements(modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value)
        if len(modal_elements) > 0 and modal_elements[0].is_displayed():
            print("模态框已成功显示。")
            return

        retries += 1
        print("模态框未显示，重试中...")

    raise Exception(f'超出最大重试次数 {max_retries}，模态框仍未显示。')

# 等待模态框元素本身可见
dialog = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.andes-modal__overlay'))
)

# 现在，针对模态框内部的元素创建新的WebDriverWait实例
# 这样可以确保我们只在模态框内查找元素
wait_in_dialog = WebDriverWait(dialog, 10) 

# 等待模态框内部的输入框可见
name_input = wait_in_dialog.until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=name-input]'))
)
name_input.send_keys('您的姓名')

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 定义点击并等待模态框的重试函数
def click_and_wait_for_modal_with_retry(driver, max_retries, button_locator, modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value):
    retries = 0
    while retries < max_retries:
        print(f"尝试点击按钮，第 {retries + 1} 次...")
        # 等待按钮可点击并点击
        button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(button_locator))
        button.click()

        # 给页面一些时间响应
        time.sleep(0.5) 

        # 检查模态框是否已出现且可见
        modal_elements = driver.find_elements(modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value)
        if len(modal_elements) > 0 and modal_elements[0].is_displayed():
            print("模态框已成功显示。")
            return

        retries += 1
        print("模态框未显示，重试中...")

    raise Exception(f'超出最大重试次数 {max_retries}，模态框仍未显示。')

# --- Selenium 自动化流程开始 ---
driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 或其他浏览器驱动，如 Firefox()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) # 全局等待对象，用于页面级别的操作
driver.maximize_window()

# 1. 打开目标网页
driver.get(
    'https://www.portalinmobiliario.com/MLC-2148268902-departamento-los-espinos-id-116373-_JM#position=1&search_layout=grid&type=item&tracking_id=eba8327b-85c0-4317-8c63-7c69c5b34e16'
)

# 2. 处理 Cookie 同意弹窗（如果存在）
# 注意：这里使用ID定位，非常稳健
try:
    consent_button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'newCookieDisclaimerButton')))
    consent_button.click()
    wait.until(EC.staleness_of(consent_button)) # 等待Cookie弹窗消失
    print("已点击Cookie同意按钮。")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"未找到或无法点击Cookie同意按钮，或已处理: {e}")

# 3. 点击“联系”按钮并等待模态框弹出
# 按钮定位器：通过CSS选择器定位，比绝对XPath更稳定
contact_button_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type=primary] .andes-button__content')
# 模态框定位器：通过CSS选择器定位模态框的overlay
modal_overlay_locator_by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
modal_overlay_locator_value = '.andes-modal__overlay'

try:
    click_and_wait_for_modal_with_retry(driver, 3, contact_button_locator, 
                                        modal_overlay_locator_by, modal_overlay_locator_value)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    driver.quit()
    exit()

# 4. 模态框已弹出，现在定位模态框本身，并等待其内部元素
# 等待模态框（overlay）可见
dialog = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((modal_overlay_locator_by, modal_overlay_locator_value)))
print("模态框（overlay）已可见。")

# 创建一个新的WebDriverWait实例，作用域为模态框内部，用于定位模态框内的元素
wait_in_dialog = WebDriverWait(dialog, 10) 

# 5. 定位并操作模态框内的输入框
# 输入框定位器：使用data-testid属性，非常推荐的定位方式
name_input = wait_in_dialog.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=name-input]')))
name_input.send_keys('测试姓名')
print("已在姓名输入框中输入内容。")

# 模拟输入其他字段，例如邮箱和电话
# email_input = wait_in_dialog.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=email-input]')))
# email_input.send_keys('test@example.com')
# phone_input = wait_in_dialog.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=phone-input]')))
# phone_input.send_keys('1234567890')

time.sleep(5) # 演示目的，等待一段时间查看结果
driver.quit()
print("自动化测试完成。")