Selenium 模态框元素交互：有效点击、智能等待与稳定定位策略

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time

def click_and_wait_for_modal_with_retry(driver, max_retries, button_locator, modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value):
    """
    点击按钮并等待模态框出现的重试函数。

    Args:
        driver: WebDriver 实例。
        max_retries: 最大重试次数。
        button_locator: 触发模态框的按钮定位器（元组，如 (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button_selector')）。
        modal_locator_by: 模态框的定位方式（如 By.CSS_SELECTOR）。
        modal_locator_value: 模态框的定位值（字符串）。
    """
    retries = 0
    while retries < max_retries:
        # 1. 等待按钮出现并可点击
        button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(button_locator))
        button.click()

        # 2. 短暂等待，给防抖逻辑和模态框加载留出时间
        time.sleep(0.5) 

        # 3. 检查模态框是否已显示
        # 使用 find_elements 避免在模态框未出现时抛出 NoSuchElementException
        modal_elements = driver.find_elements(modal_locator_by, modal_locator_value)
        if len(modal_elements) > 0 and modal_elements[0].is_displayed():
            print(f"模态框在第 {retries + 1} 次尝试后成功显示。")
            return

        print(f"模态框未显示，进行第 {retries + 1} 次重试...")
        retries += 1

    raise Exception(f'达到最大重试次数 {max_retries}，模态框仍未显示。')

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 1. 初始化 WebDriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) # 全局显式等待，最长20秒
driver.maximize_window()

# 2. 导航到目标 URL
target_url = 'https://www.portalinmobiliario.com/MLC-2148268902-departamento-los-espinos-id-116373-_JM#position=1&search_layout=grid&type=item&tracking_id=eba8327b-85c0-4317-8c63-7c69c5b34e16'
driver.get(target_url)

try:
    # 3. 处理 Cookie 同意弹窗（如果存在）
    # 等待 Cookie 同意按钮出现并点击
    consent_button_locator = (By.ID, 'newCookieDisclaimerButton')
    consent = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(consent_button_locator))
    consent.click()
    # 等待 Cookie 弹窗消失（变得陈旧）
    wait.until(EC.staleness_of(consent))
    print("成功处理 Cookie 同意弹窗。")

    # 4. 使用重试机制点击“联系”按钮并等待模态框出现
    # 触发模态框的按钮定位器
    contact_button_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type=primary] .andes-button__content')
    # 模态框的定位器
    modal_overlay_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.andes-modal__overlay')

    click_and_wait_for_modal_with_retry(
        driver, 
        max_retries=5, # 最多重试5次
        button_locator=contact_button_locator,
        modal_locator_by=By.CSS_SELECTOR,
        modal_locator_value='.andes-modal__overlay'
    )
    print("成功点击联系按钮并等待模态框出现。")

    # 5. 在模态框内部定位元素并进行交互
    # 等待模态框本身可见
    dialog = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(modal_overlay_locator))

    # 为模态框内部的元素创建一个新的 WebDriverWait 实例，作用域限定在模态框内
    # 这可以提高定位的准确性，避免与页面上其他同名元素混淆
    modal_wait = WebDriverWait(dialog, 10) 

    # 定位模态框内的姓名输入框并输入
    name_input_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=name-input]')
    name_input = modal_wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(name_input_locator))
    name_input.send_keys('自动化测试用户')
    print("成功在模态框内输入姓名。")

    # 假设还有其他输入框，例如电话和邮箱
    # phone_input_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=phone-input]')
    # phone_input = modal_wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(phone_input_locator))
    # phone_input.send_keys('1234567890')

    # email_input_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=email-input]')
    # email_input = modal_wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(email_input_locator))
    # email_input.send_keys('test@example.com')

    # 可以继续定位并点击提交按钮等操作
    # submit_button_locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.andes-modal__footer button[type=submit]')
    # submit_button = modal_wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(submit_button_locator))
    # submit_button.click()
    # print("成功提交模态框表单。")

    time.sleep(3) # 演示停留，实际测试中应移除或替换为等待条件

except Exception as e:
    print(f"发生错误: {e}")

finally:
    # 6. 关闭浏览器
    driver.quit()
    print("浏览器已关闭。")