
python提供了强大的内置文档系统,主要通过pydoc命令行工具和交互式help()函数来访问。这些工具旨在帮助开发者快速了解模块、类、函数、方法以及关键字的用途和用法。
这些工具的核心是查找并显示对象的__doc__属性,该属性通常包含开发者编写的文档字符串。
许多初学者尝试使用python -m pydoc file.seek来查询seek方法的文档,但通常会得到“No Python documentation found for 'file.seek'”的错误信息。这并非因为seek方法没有文档,而是因为对pydoc的使用方式存在误解。
原因分析:
# 尝试查询 file.seek,通常会失败 python -m pydoc file.seek
输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
No Python documentation found for 'file.seek'. Use help() to get the interactive help utility. Use help(str) for help on the str class.
要成功查询文档,我们需要提供pydoc或help()一个明确的、可识别的Python对象。
os.lseek是os模块中的一个函数,它是可直接导入和引用的。因此,我们可以通过以下方式查询其文档:
在Python交互式解释器中使用help():
>>> help() Welcome to Python 3.12's help utility! # ... (省略欢迎信息) ... help> os.lseek
输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Help on built-in function lseek in os:
os.lseek = lseek(fd, position, whence, /)
Set the position of a file descriptor. Return the new position.
fd
An open file descriptor, as returned by os.open().
position
Position, interpreted relative to 'whence'.
whence
The relative position to seek from. Valid values are:
- SEEK_SET: seek from the start of the file.
- SEEK_CUR: seek from the current file position.
- SEEK_END: seek from the end of the file.
The return value is the number of bytes relative to the beginning of the file.
help> quit # 退出帮助模式在命令行中使用pydoc:
python -m pydoc os.lseek
输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Help on built-in function lseek in os:
os.lseek = lseek(fd, position, whence, /)
Set the position of a file descriptor. Return the new position.
fd
An open file descriptor, as returned by os.open().
position
Position, interpreted relative to 'whence'.
whence
The relative position to seek from. Valid values are:
- SEEK_SET: seek from the start of the file.
- SEEK_CUR: seek from the current file position.
- SEEK_END: seek from the end of the file.
The return value is the number of bytes relative to the beginning of the file.由于seek是文件对象的方法,我们需要通过文件对象实例或其所属的类来查询。Python中文件对象的基本类型是io.TextIOBase(文本模式)或io.BufferedIOBase/io.RawIOBase(二进制模式),而open()函数返回的对象通常是这些类的子类实例。
方法一:通过文件对象实例查询(推荐)
这是最直观的方式,先创建一个文件对象,然后查询其seek方法。
# 在Python交互式解释器中
>>> with open("example.txt", "w") as f:
... help(f.seek)
...输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Help on built-in function seek:
seek(cookie, whence=0, /) method of _io.TextIOWrapper instance
Change stream position.
Change the stream position to the given byte offset. The offset is
interpreted relative to the position indicated by whence. Values
for whence are:
* SEEK_SET or 0 – start of the stream (the default); offset should be zero or positive
* SEEK_CUR or 1 – current stream position; offset may be negative
* SEEK_END or 2 – end of the stream; offset typically negative
Return the new absolute position.注意:_io.TextIOWrapper是open()在文本模式下返回的实际类型,它继承自io.TextIOBase。
方法二:通过文件对象所属的类查询
如果你想查询更通用的seek方法文档,可以查询其基类。例如,io.TextIOBase.seek或io.FileIO.seek。
# 在Python交互式解释器中 >>> import io >>> help(io.TextIOBase.seek) # 查询文本文件对象的seek方法
输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Help on method_descriptor:
seek(self, cookie, whence=0)
Change stream position.
Change the stream position to the given byte offset. The offset is
interpreted relative to the position indicated by whence. Values
for whence are:
* SEEK_SET or 0 – start of the stream (the default); offset should be zero or positive
* SEEK_CUR or 1 – current stream position; offset may be negative
* SEEK_END or 2 – end of the stream; offset typically negative
Return the new absolute position.>>> help(io.FileIO.seek) # 查询原始文件I/O对象的seek方法(更底层,通常用于二进制)
输出示例:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
Help on method_descriptor:
seek(self, offset, whence=0)
Move to new file position.
Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to
0 (absolute seek); other values are 1 (seek relative to current position)
and 2 (seek relative to end of file). Returns the new absolute position.掌握这些文档查询技巧,将极大地提高你在Python学习和开发过程中的效率。
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