Selenium Python 动态网页元素定位策略与实践

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 初始化 WebDriver (以 Chrome 为例)
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为你的目标网址

try:
    # 等待链接元素可见并点击
    link_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, "点击这里访问"))
    )
    link_element.click()
    print("成功通过完整链接文本点击元素。")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"通过完整链接文本定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为你的目标网址

try:
    # 等待链接元素可见并点击
    link_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "访问更多"))
    )
    link_element.click()
    print("成功通过部分链接文本点击元素。")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"通过部分链接文本定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为你的目标网址

try:
    # 示例1: 通过 data-test-id 属性定位
    # 假设页面有一个 <button data-test-id="submit-form-button">提交</button>
    button_by_data_attribute = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[data-test-id='submit-form-button']"))
    )
    button_by_data_attribute.click()
    print("成功通过 data-test-id 属性点击元素。")

    # 示例2: 通过类名部分匹配定位
    # 假设页面有一个 <div class="dynamic-panel-header-123"></div>
    dynamic_div = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div[class^='dynamic-panel-header']"))
    )
    print(f"成功通过类名部分匹配定位到元素，文本内容: {dynamic_div.text}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"通过 CSS 选择器定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为你的目标网址

try:
    # 示例1: 通过 placeholder 属性定位输入框
    # 假设页面有一个 <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" class="dynamic-input-abc">
    username_input = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[@placeholder='请输入用户名']"))
    )
    username_input.send_keys("testuser")
    print("成功通过 placeholder 属性定位并输入。")

    # 示例2: 通过部分文本内容定位一个按钮
    # 假设页面有一个 <button>点击我进行提交</button>
    submit_button_by_text = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//button[contains(text(), '点击我')]"))
    )
    submit_button_by_text.click()
    print("成功通过部分文本内容点击按钮。")

    # 示例3: 结合父元素和子元素文本定位
    # 假设有一个 div，其内部有一个稳定的文本标签，我们想定位这个 div
    # <div class="dynamic-container-xyz"><span>用户信息</span><input ...></div>
    user_info_container = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[./span[text()='用户信息']]"))
    )
    print(f"成功通过子元素文本定位到父容器，其class为: {user_info_container.get_attribute('class')}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"通过 XPath 定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()