使用Selenium和Python自动化登录X（Twitter）的稳健方法

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time # 引入time模块用于短暂等待，尽管WebDriverWait是首选

# 替换为你的X（Twitter）用户名和密码
X_USERNAME = "your_twitter_username"
X_PASSWORD = "your_twitter_password"

# 初始化WebDriver
# 确保你的ChromeDriver路径正确配置，或者使用webdriver_manager自动管理
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window() # 最大化窗口以确保元素可见

driver.get('https://twitter.com/i/flow/login')
# 设置一个显式等待，用于等待页面元素加载
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) # 增加等待时间，以适应网络延迟

print("等待用户名输入框...")
username_field = wait.until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[autocomplete="username"]'))
)
username_field.send_keys(X_USERNAME)
print(f"已输入用户名: {X_USERNAME}")

print("等待并点击'下一步'按钮...")
next_button = wait.until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[role="button"].r-13qz1uu'))
)
next_button.click()
print("已点击'下一步'按钮")

print("等待密码输入框...")
password_field = wait.until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[type="password"]'))
)
password_field.send_keys(X_PASSWORD)
print("已输入密码")

print("等待并点击'登录'按钮...")
login_button = wait.until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid*="Login_Button"]'))
)
login_button.click()
print("已点击'登录'按钮")

print("验证登录是否成功...")
try:
    direct_message_link = wait.until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid="AppTabBar_DirectMessage_Link"]'))
    )
    print("登录成功！已找到私信链接。")
except TimeoutException:
    print("登录失败或验证元素未找到。")
    # 可以在此处添加截图或保存页面HTML以供调试
finally:
    # 保持浏览器打开一段时间，以便观察结果
    time.sleep(5)
    driver.quit() # 关闭浏览器

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import time

# 请替换为你的X（Twitter）用户名和密码
X_USERNAME = "your_twitter_username"
X_PASSWORD = "your_twitter_password"

def automate_x_login(username, password):
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.maximize_window()

    try:
        driver.get('https://twitter.com/i/flow/login')
        wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) # 适当增加等待时间

        print("步骤1: 等待用户名输入框并输入用户名...")
        username_field = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[autocomplete="username"]'))
        )
        username_field.send_keys(username)
        print(f"已输入用户名: {username}")

        print("步骤2: 等待并点击'下一步'按钮...")
        # 注意：X（Twitter）的UI可能会有变动，如果此选择器失效，请重新检查
        # 常见类名组合：[role=button].r-1fz9z3m.r-1p0d75y.r-1udh08x.r-4jy5mb.r-oxtfae.r-13qz1uu
        # 简化为最稳定的部分：[role=button].r-13qz1uu
        next_button = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[role="button"].r-13qz1uu'))
        )
        next_button.click()
        print("已点击'下一步'按钮")

        print("步骤3: 等待密码输入框并输入密码...")
        password_field = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[type="password"]'))
        )
        password_field.send_keys(password)
        print("已输入密码")

        print("步骤4: 等待并点击最终的'登录'按钮...")
        login_button = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid*="Login_Button"]'))
        )
        login_button.click()
        print("已点击'登录'按钮")

        print("步骤5: 验证登录是否成功 (检查私信链接)...")
        # 登录成功后，等待页面加载完成并查找一个只有登录后才出现的元素
        direct_message_link = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid="AppTabBar_DirectMessage_Link"]'))
        )
        print("✅ 登录成功！已找到私信链接。")

    except TimeoutException as e:
        print(f"❌ 自动化登录失败：超时错误 - {e.msg}")
        print("请检查网络连接、元素选择器是否仍然有效，或尝试增加等待时间。")
        # 可以在此处添加截图或保存页面HTML以供调试
        # driver.save_screenshot("login_failure.png")
        # with open("page_source_on_timeout.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        #     f.write(driver.page_source)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 自动化登录过程中发生未知错误: {e}")
    finally:
        # 保持浏览器打开一段时间以便观察，然后关闭
        time.sleep(5)
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    automate_x_login(X_USERNAME, X_PASSWORD)