在Java中如何处理对象属性的私有化_OOP私有属性操作技巧分享

public class Person {<br>    private String name;<br>    private int age;<br><br>    public String getName() {<br>        return name;<br>    }<br><br>    public void setName(String name) {<br>        if (name == null || name.trim().isEmpty()) {<br>            throw new IllegalArgumentException("姓名不能为空");<br>        }<br>        this.name = name.trim();<br>    }<br><br>    public int getAge() {<br>        return age;<br>    }<br><br>    public void setAge(int age) {<br>        if (age < 0 || age > 150) {<br>            throw new IllegalArgumentException("年龄必须在0到150之间");<br>        }<br>        this.age = age;<br>    }<br>}

public class BankAccount {<br>    private final String accountNumber;<br>    private double balance;<br><br>    public BankAccount(String accountNumber, double initialBalance) {<br>        if (accountNumber == null || accountNumber.length() != 16) {<br>            throw new IllegalArgumentException("账号必须为16位");<br>        }<br>        this.accountNumber = accountNumber;<br>        this.balance = Math.max(initialBalance, 0); // 防止负数初始余额<br>    }<br><br>    public String getAccountNumber() {<br>        return accountNumber;<br>    }<br><br>    public double getBalance() {<br>        return balance;<br>    }<br>}

private List<String> hobbies = new ArrayList<>();<br><br>public List<String> getHobbies() {<br>    return hobbies; // 危险！外部可直接修改列表<br>}

public List<String> getHobbies() {<br>    return Collections.unmodifiableList(hobbies);<br>}

public List<String> getHobbies() {<br>    return new ArrayList<>(hobbies);<br>}