解决RabbitMQ管理API的401未授权访问问题

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException;
import org.springframework.http.client.support.BasicAuthorizationInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Collections;

@Component
public class RabbitMQApiInitializer implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationReadyEvent> {

    @Value("${rabbitmq-api-url}")
    private String rabbitmqApiEndpoint;

    // RabbitMQ管理界面的用户名和密码，通常与AMQP连接凭据相同，但也可独立配置
    @Value("${rabbitmq.management.username:guest}")
    private String managementUsername;

    @Value("${rabbitmq.management.password:guest}")
    private String managementPassword;

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationReadyEvent event) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        // 添加Basic Authorization拦截器
        restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(
            new BasicAuthorizationInterceptor(managementUsername, managementPassword));

        try {
            // 尝试获取队列信息
            String queuesUrl = rabbitmqApiEndpoint + "queues";
            ResponseEntity<String> queuesResponse = restTemplate.getForEntity(queuesUrl, String.class);
            if (queuesResponse.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("成功从RabbitMQ API获取队列信息:");
                // 这里可以进一步处理queuesResponse.getBody()
                // System.out.println(queuesResponse.getBody());
            } else {
                System.err.println("获取队列信息失败，HTTP状态码: " + queuesResponse.getStatusCode());
            }

            // 尝试获取交换机信息
            String exchangesUrl = rabbitmqApiEndpoint + "exchanges";
            ResponseEntity<String> exchangesResponse = restTemplate.getForEntity(exchangesUrl, String.class);
            if (exchangesResponse.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("成功从RabbitMQ API获取交换机信息:");
                // 这里可以进一步处理exchangesResponse.getBody()
                // System.out.println(exchangesResponse.getBody());
            } else {
                System.err.println("获取交换机信息失败，HTTP状态码: " + exchangesResponse.getStatusCode());
            }

        } catch (HttpClientErrorException.Unauthorized e) {
            System.err.println("RabbitMQ API访问失败：401 Unauthorized。请检查用户名和密码是否正确，以及RabbitMQ管理插件是否启用。");
            // 进一步处理未授权错误，例如记录日志或抛出自定义异常
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("访问RabbitMQ API时发生错误: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

# RabbitMQ AMQP连接配置 (与API访问无关，但通常会一起配置)
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

# RabbitMQ管理API的基础URL
# 注意：RabbitMQ管理插件的默认HTTP端口是15672，而非5672或8080。
# 请根据您的实际RabbitMQ配置进行调整。
rabbitmq-api-url=http://localhost:15672/api/

# RabbitMQ管理API的认证凭据
# 默认通常是 guest/guest，但生产环境中应使用更安全的自定义用户
rabbitmq.management.username=guest
rabbitmq.management.password=guest