如何解决PHP项目中异常处理的混乱问题，使用自定义基础异常类提升代码健壮性

<code class="bash">composer require securetrading/exception</code>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">// 文件: src/Exception/MyAwesomeProjectException.php
namespace MyAwesomeProject\Exception;

/**
 * MyAwesomeProject 的所有自定义异常都应该继承此基类
 */
class MyAwesomeProjectException extends \Exception
{
    // 你可以在这里添加一些通用的异常处理逻辑或属性
}

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">// 文件: src/Exception/NetworkException.php
namespace MyAwesomeProject\Exception;

class NetworkException extends MyAwesomeProjectException
{
    // ...
}

// 文件: src/Exception/ConfigurationException.php
namespace MyAwesomeProject\Exception;

class ConfigurationException extends MyAwesomeProjectException
{
    // ...
}

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">namespace MyAwesomeProject\Service;

use MyAwesomeProject\Exception\NetworkException;
use MyAwesomeProject\Exception\ConfigurationException;

class SomeService
{
    public function fetchData(string $url): array
    {
        if (empty($url)) {
            throw new ConfigurationException('URL 不能为空');
        }
        // 模拟网络请求失败
        if (rand(0, 1)) {
            throw new NetworkException('网络连接失败，无法获取数据');
        }
        return ['data' => 'some data from ' . $url];
    }
}

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">use MyAwesomeProject\Service\SomeService;
use MyAwesomeProject\Exception\MyAwesomeProjectException;
use MyAwesomeProject\Exception\NetworkException;

$service = new SomeService();

try {
    $data = $service->fetchData('http://example.com');
    echo "数据获取成功: " . json_encode($data) . PHP_EOL;
} catch (NetworkException $e) {
    // 专门处理网络相关的异常
    echo "网络错误: " . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    // 记录日志，重试等
} catch (MyAwesomeProjectException $e) {
    // 捕获所有来自 MyAwesomeProject 的其他异常
    echo "MyAwesomeProject 内部错误: " . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    // 记录日志，向用户显示通用错误信息
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    // 捕获所有其他非 MyAwesomeProject 的通用异常
    echo "未知错误: " . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    // 兜底处理
}