Python如何解析损坏或不规范的XML文件 lxml容错解析

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from lxml import etree
<h1>损坏的 XML 片段（含非法 &、未闭合标签）</h1><p>broken_xml = '''<root><item>price: 10&20</item><desc>good<desc></root>'''</p><h1>用 BeautifulSoup 当 HTML 解析（自动修复）</h1><p>soup = BeautifulSoup(broken_xml, 'html.parser')</p><p><span>立即学习</span>“<a href="https://pan.quark.cn/s/00968c3c2c15" style="text-decoration: underline !important; color: blue; font-weight: bolder;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Python免费学习笔记（深入）</a>”；</p>
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                <h1>转回格式化 XML 字符串（注意：需手动补 xml 声明，若需要）</h1><p>clean_xml = str(soup).replace('<', '<').replace('>', '>')  # 可选：还原原始尖括号转义</p><h1>更稳妥做法：用 soup.encode(formatter=None) 并解码为字符串</h1><h1>lxml 解析修复后的 XML</h1><p>root = etree.fromstring(clean_xml.encode('utf-8'))
print(root.xpath('//item/text()'))  # ['price: 10&20']

from lxml import etree
<p>parser = etree.XMLParser(recover=True)
tree = etree.parse('broken.xml', parser)  # 不抛异常，内部静默跳过错误节点
root = tree.getroot()</p><h1>查看解析是否丢失内容（对比原始行数/标签数）</h1><p>print(len(root))  # 可能比预期少，说明部分被丢弃

import xmltodict
<p>broken = '<data><user id="1">Alice</user><user>Bob</user></data>'
try:
data = xmltodict.parse(broken)
print(data['data']['user'])  # [{'@id': '1', '#text': 'Alice'}, 'Bob']
except Exception as e:
print("still failed:", e)