Java反射机制的功能有哪些？

@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
    Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
    //1.通过反射，创建Person类对象
    Constructor<Person> cons = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
    Person person = cons.newInstance("Tom", 12);
    System.out.println(person);//Person{name='Tom', age=12}
 
    //2.通过反射，调用对象指定的属性、方法
    //调用属性
    Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
    age.setAccessible(true);
    age.set(person, 10);
    System.out.println(person.toString());//Person{name='Tom', age=10}
 
    //调用方法
    Method show = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show");
    show.invoke(person);//my name is Tom and age is 10
 
    System.out.println("===================================");
    //通过反射，可以调用Person类的私有结构的。比如：私有的构造器、方法、属性
    //调用私有的构造器
    Constructor<Person> cons1 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
    cons1.setAccessible(true);
    Person p1 = cons1.newInstance("Bruce");
    System.out.println(p1);//Person{name='Bruce', age=0}
 
    //调用私有的属性
    Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
    name.setAccessible(true);
    name.set(p1, "Jarry");
    System.out.println(p1);
 
    //调用私有的方法
    Method nation = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("nation", String.class);
    nation.setAccessible(true);
    Object nation1 = (String) nation.invoke(p1, "China");//相当于String nation = p1.showNation("China")
    System.out.println(nation1);//I come from China
}