C++ 中继承和多态性如何通过接口实现解耦？

// Shape 接口
class Shape {
public:
    virtual double getArea() const = 0;
    virtual double getPerimeter() const = 0;
};

// Rectangle 类
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
    Rectangle(double width, double height) : _width(width), _height(height) {}

    double getArea() const override { return _width * _height; }
    double getPerimeter() const override { return 2 * (_width + _height); }

private:
    double _width;
    double _height;
};

// Circle 类
class Circle : public Shape {
public:
    Circle(double radius) : _radius(radius) {}

    double getArea() const override { return M_PI * _radius * _radius; }
    double getPerimeter() const override { return 2 * M_PI * _radius; }

private:
    double _radius;
};

int main() {
    // 创建不同形状的动态数组
    Shape* shapes[] = {
        new Rectangle(5, 10),
        new Circle(5)
    };

    // 通过接口统一计算所有形状的面积和周长
    for (Shape* shape : shapes) {
        cout << "形状面积：" << shape->getArea() << endl;
        cout << "形状周长：" << shape->getPerimeter() << endl;
    }

    // 释放动态内存
    for (Shape* shape : shapes) {
        delete shape;
    }

    return 0;
}