在多线程环境中提高 Java 函数执行效率的方法有哪些？

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class Task implements Runnable {
    private ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> data;
    private int startIndex;
    private int endIndex;

    public Task(ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> data, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        this.data = data;
        this.startIndex = startIndex;
        this.endIndex = endIndex;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
            int value = data.get(i);
            value++;
            data.put(i, value);
        }
    }
}

public class MultithreadingOptimization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用并发散列表
        ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> data = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

        // 初始化数据
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            data.put(i, 0);
        }

        // 使用线程池
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

        // 分配任务
        int tasks = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        int chunkSize = data.size() / tasks;
        for (int i = 0; i < tasks; i++) {
            executor.submit(new Task(data, i * chunkSize, (i + 1) * chunkSize));
        }

        // 等待任务完成
        executor.shutdown();
        while (!executor.isTerminated()) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}