Character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set

最近在一次MySQL数据迁移的过程中遭遇了字符集的问题，提示为Character set

最近在一次mysql数据迁移的过程中遭遇了字符集的问题，提示为"character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set"。即是字符集utf8mb4不是一个编译的字符集以及没有在index.xml文件里指定。下面是其处理过程及解决办法，供大家参考。

1、错误提示
SHELL> mysqlbinlog --database=bs_salary --stop-datetime="2014-12-15 8:24:48" /home/robin/mysql-bin.000399 \
> |mysql -uroot -p --force --database=salary_1215
mysql: Character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file

2、分析与解决
a、错误分析
从给出的错误提示来看，说utf8mb4字符集未被编译，而事实上这个字符集根本没有用到。
其次说这个文件里/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml未指定utf8mb4字符集，需要检查字符集目录设置。

b、字符集检查
首先检查了新旧环境的字符集设置，两边都为UTF8，如下
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database  | utf8                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server    | utf8                            |
| character_set_system    | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir      | /app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
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c、服务器字符集路径设置

对于字符集的路径设置，与错误提示不一致，尝试修改器配置文件
SHELL> tail -3 /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#default-character-set=utf8
character-sets-dir=/app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/

修改配置文件后再次碰到错误提示如下，因此字符集路径不是主要原因
mysql: Character set 'utf8mb4' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml' file
SHELL> /app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml /app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml.bk

d、添加utf8mb4字符集到Index.xml
直接复制utf8的配置，改为utf8mb4后，添加到/app/soft/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml故障解决。

  Unicode
  UTF-8 Unicode
  utf-8
 
  primary
  compiled
 
 
    binary
    compiled
 

3、MySQL官方解释

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/charset-configuration.html

If you try to use a character set that is not compiled into your binary, you might run into the following problems: