docker虚拟化多个Centos7

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发布时间：2025-07-14 10:14:28

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来源于php中文网

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由于测试环境不足，决定利用docker来虚拟化几个centos系统。以下是具体步骤：

安装Docker略

1.运行基础镜像

[root@summer ~]# docker run --rm -d -i -t centos:centos7.5.1804 /bin/bash
[root@summer ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                              NAMES
4ba3c5252384        centos:centos7.5.1804                                 "/bin/bash"              12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                                                                  inspiring_raman

2.进入运行的Linux系统

[root@summer ~]# docker attach 4ba3c5252384
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 May 31  2018 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root 360 Nov 19 07:12 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  66 Nov 19 07:12 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 May 31  2018 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   9 May 31  2018 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 547 root root   0 Nov 19 07:12 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 114 May 31  2018 root
drwxr-xr-x  10 root root 130 May 31  2018 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   8 May 31  2018 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root   0 Nov 19 03:36 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 132 May 31  2018 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root 155 May 31  2018 usr
drwxr-xr-x  18 root root 238 May 31  2018 var
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# yum install -y net-tools.x86_64 wget vim-enhanced passwd openssl openssh-server

3.修改虚拟出来的Linux系统用户名密码

[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# passwd root
Changing password for user root.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

4.启动容器ssh

[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -b 2048 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ''
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N ''
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N ''
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:JNwMr0XzOeTDSQPWCRRMW//UjttKHl3BqDRnwadFdM8 root@4ba3c5252384
The key's randomart image is:
+---[DSA 1024]----+
|      .+X==...oo.|
|     . B.Xo= .+=o|
|      o B Oo.+=oE|
|       =  .o=+ o.|
|      . S  .  o o|
|               +.|
|              + o|
|             o o |
|              o  |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# PermitRootLogin yes
# PasswordAuthentication yes
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# /usr/sbin/sshd -D
[root@4ba3c5252384 /]# ps -ef |grep sshd
root        102      1  0 07:53 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root        104      1  0 07:53 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto sshd

5.将当前容器保存为镜像退出，但不停止容器 (有点难按呀。。。。)`Ctrl+P+Q`

生成镜像

[root@summer ~]# docker commit 4ba3c5252384 summer/centos7-ssh
sha256:9736e16c354ba3a82a1bf5ec65b33d8dbfa6a132e65a5ae0a31c8fe0e5da513f
[root@summer ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
summer/centos7-ssh                              latest              9736e16c354b        6 seconds ago       346MB

6.验证一下

[root@summer ~]# docker run -itd -p 10222:22 9736e16c354b  /bin/bash
744fe36d22d3762e9976b41fb3600442776d9a0f2cbaf5f97baf1329a33c7249
[root@summer ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                              NAMES
744fe36d22d3        9736e16c354b                                          "/bin/bash"              6 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                0.0.0.0:10222->22/tcp                              quizzical_beaver
- 用xshell工具连接容器测试
Connecting to 192.168.0.8:10222...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press Ctrl+Alt+].
WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
[root@744fe36d22d3 ~]# ll
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 3302 May 31  2018 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@744fe36d22d3 ~]# cd /
[root@744fe36d22d3 /]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 May 31  2018 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root 360 Nov 19 08:01 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  66 Nov 19 08:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   7 May 31  2018 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   9 May 31  2018 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 551 root root   0 Nov 19 08:01 proc
dr-xr-x---   1 root root  22 Nov 19 07:52 root
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  34 Nov 19 07:52 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   8 May 31  2018 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root   0 Nov 19 03:36 sys
drwxrwxrwt   1 root root   6 Nov 19 07:49 tmp
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  81 May 31  2018 usr
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root  17 May 31  2018 var
- 测试查看的ip为创建容器随机的ip
[root@744fe36d22d3 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.4  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 82  bytes 7997 (7.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 67  bytes 10147 (9.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@744fe36d22d3 /]#

7.使用固定ip的方式创建Docker容器

Docker安装后，默认会创建下面三种网络类型：

[root@summer ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                 DRIVER              SCOPE
f05274e4383e        bridge               bridge              local
1fc2e68d0f32        easymock_easy-mock   bridge              local
a1a2e4e0720c        host                 host                local
b80f2704c864        none                 null                local
[root@summer ~]#

bridge:桥接网络

默认情况下启动Docker容器，都是使用bridge,Docker安装时创建Docker容器重启时，会按照顺序获取对应的IP地址，这个就导致重启下，Docker的IP地址就变了。

none:无指定网络

使用–network=none,docker容器就不分配局域网的IP

host:主机网络

使用–network=host,此时,Docker容器的网络会附属在主机上，两者是互通的。

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创建自定义网络，并指定网段：192.168.200.0/24 （注意这里使用的200段，不能和宿主机器所在的网段相同）

[root@summer ~]# docker network create --subnet=192.168.200.0/24 dockernet
39c96ae62ecdea7a8ea057e3e4c12c71c166f726925b4bc3c71e790359fa1c52
[root@summer ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                 DRIVER              SCOPE
f05274e4383e        bridge               bridge              local
39c96ae62ecd        dockernet            bridge              local
1fc2e68d0f32        easymock_easy-mock   bridge              local
a1a2e4e0720c        host                 host                local
b80f2704c864        none                 null                local
[root@summer ~]#

使用指定ip启动容器

[root@summer ~]# docker run --privileged -itd --name dockerOS123 --net dockernet --ip 192.168.200.123 -p 10123:22 summer/centos7-ssh:latest /usr/sbin/sshd -D
0bf84b002ffd50b43bc101a20cd7ba630fbdd08980e5b2061dd241593b08a046
[root@summer ~]# docker run --privileged -itd --name dockerOS124124 --net dockernet --ip 192.168.200.124124 -p 10124124:22 summer/centos7-ssh:latest /usr/sbin/sshd -D
e7171019510dfa8f8f38e1d4ae934a12eebbaac15848068429a10a1c75a27fb4
[root@summer ~]# docker run --privileged -itd --name dockerOS125 --net dockernet --ip 192.168.200.125 -p 10125:22 summer/centos7-ssh:latest /usr/sbin/sshd -D
19ff8426d4cca170d919694c39cb943993987304e459738acdc2694006907877
[root@summer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
19ff8426d4cc        summer/centos7-ssh:latest   "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"      9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        0.0.0.0:10125->22/tcp    dockerOS125
e7171019510d        summer/centos7-ssh:latest   "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"      19 seconds ago      Up 17 seconds       0.0.0.0:10124124->22/tcp    dockerOS124124
0bf84b002ffd        summer/centos7-ssh:latest   "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"      30 seconds ago      Up 29 seconds       0.0.0.0:10123->22/tcp    dockerOS123