noexcept运算符用于编译时检查表达式是否可能抛出异常,返回bool值。true表示不抛异常,false表示可能抛出。它可用于优化性能、支持移动语义、确保析构函数安全,并与RAII结合提升代码健壮性。在模板中可结合type traits进行条件优化,自定义分配器也应合理使用noexcept以避免意外终止。滥用noexcept可能导致程序崩溃,需谨慎使用。

C++
noexcept
bool
true
false
解决方案
noexcept
#include <iostream>
void func1() noexcept {
// 保证不抛出异常的代码
std::cout << "func1 called" << std::endl;
}
void func2() {
// 可能抛出异常的代码
throw std::runtime_error("Error in func2");
}
int main() {
std::cout << std::boolalpha; // 设置输出为 true/false
std::cout << "func1() is noexcept: " << noexcept(func1()) << std::endl; // 输出 true
std::cout << "func2() is noexcept: " << noexcept(func2()) << std::endl; // 输出 false
return 0;
}在这个例子中,
noexcept(func1())
true
func1
noexcept
noexcept(func2())
false
func2
noexcept
throw
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更复杂的例子:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
struct MyClass {
int* data;
MyClass() noexcept : data(new int[10]) {} // 构造函数保证不抛异常
~MyClass() {
delete[] data;
}
MyClass(const MyClass& other) noexcept : data(new int[10]) {
std::copy(other.data, other.data + 10, data);
}
MyClass& operator=(const MyClass& other) noexcept {
std::copy(other.data, other.data + 10, data);
return *this;
}
};
int main() {
std::cout << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "MyClass constructor is noexcept: " << noexcept(MyClass()) << std::endl;
std::cout << "MyClass copy constructor is noexcept: " << noexcept(MyClass(MyClass())) << std::endl;
std::cout << "MyClass assignment operator is noexcept: " << noexcept(MyClass() = MyClass()) << std::endl;
std::vector<MyClass> vec;
vec.emplace_back(); // 如果 MyClass 的 move constructor 和 move assignment operator 是 noexcept,vector 的 reallocation 会使用 move semantics, 否则使用 copy semantics. 优化性能。
return 0;
}这个例子展示了
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
在 C++11 引入
noexcept
void func() throw(int, std::bad_alloc); // 函数 func 可能抛出 int 或 std::bad_alloc 类型的异常
然而,异常规范存在一些问题,例如运行时检查开销和与模板代码的兼容性问题。 因此,C++17 弃用了异常规范,并在 C++20 中将其移除。
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept(expression)
为什么 noexcept
noexcept
std::vector
noexcept
noexcept
std::terminate
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
std::vector
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
noexcept
RAII 是一种 C++ 编程技术,用于自动管理资源。它依赖于对象的生命周期来确保资源在不再需要时被释放。
noexcept
noexcept
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class Resource {
public:
Resource() {
std::cout << "Resource acquired" << std::endl;
}
~Resource() noexcept {
std::cout << "Resource released" << std::endl;
}
};
void func() noexcept {
Resource r; // Resource acquired
// ...
// Resource released (when func exits, even if an exception is thrown elsewhere)
}
int main() {
try {
func();
throw std::runtime_error("An error occurred");
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Exception caught: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}在这个例子中,即使
main
Resource
Resource
noexcept
noexcept
在模板代码中,可以使用
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable
noexcept
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
template <typename T>
void process(T&& value) {
if constexpr (std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>) {
std::cout << "Using move semantics" << std::endl;
T localValue = std::move(value); // Use move constructor
} else {
std::cout << "Using copy semantics" << std::endl;
T localValue = value; // Use copy constructor
}
}
int main() {
int x = 10;
process(x); // Using copy semantics
std::string str = "Hello";
process(std::move(str)); // Using move semantics
return 0;
}在这个例子中,
process
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible
T
noexcept
localValue
process
T
noexcept
如果你正在使用自定义内存分配器,你应该确保你的分配器在内存分配失败时不会抛出异常。 相反,你的分配器应该返回一个空指针或抛出一个
std::bad_alloc
noexcept
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class MyAllocator {
public:
using value_type = int;
MyAllocator() noexcept {}
int* allocate(std::size_t n) {
int* ptr = static_cast<int*>(std::malloc(n * sizeof(int)));
if (ptr == nullptr) {
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
return ptr;
}
void deallocate(int* p, std::size_t n) noexcept {
std::free(p);
}
};
int main() {
std::allocator_traits<MyAllocator>::allocate(MyAllocator(), 10);
return 0;
}在这个例子中,
MyAllocator
allocate
std::bad_alloc
deallocate
noexcept
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