python中如何实现一个简单的web服务器_Python搭建简易HTTP服务器教程

http.server

SimpleHTTPServer

BaseHTTPServer

import http.server
import socketserver

# 定义服务器运行的端口
PORT = 8000

# 选择一个处理请求的类
# SimpleHTTPRequestHandler 会将当前目录作为Web根目录，提供文件服务
Handler = http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler

# 创建一个TCP服务器实例
# socketserver.TCPServer 的第一个参数是地址（空字符串表示所有可用接口），第二个是端口
# Handler 作为第三个参数，用于处理进来的HTTP请求
with socketserver.TCPServer(("", PORT), Handler) as httpd:
    print(f"服务器在端口 {PORT} 启动，访问地址：http://localhost:{PORT}/")
    # 启动服务器，并一直运行，直到手动停止（例如按Ctrl+C）
    httpd.serve_forever()

.py

server.py

python server.py

http://localhost:8000/

http.server

SimpleHTTPRequestHandler

SimpleHTTPRequestHandler

http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler

do_GET

do_POST

/api/hello

hello

import http.server
import socketserver
import json

PORT = 8000

class CustomHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        # 打印请求路径，方便调试
        print(f"Received GET request for: {self.path}")

        if self.path == "/api/hello":
            self.send_response(200) # HTTP状态码 200 OK
            self.send_header("Content-type", "application/json")
            self.end_headers()
            response_data = {"message": "Hello from your custom Python server!"}
            self.wfile.write(json.dumps(response_data).encode("utf-8"))
        elif self.path == "/":
            # 默认根路径，可以返回一个简单的HTML页面
            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
            self.end_headers()
            html_content = "<h1>Welcome!</h1><p>Visit <a href='/api/hello'>/api/hello</a> for an API response.</p>"
            self.wfile.write(html_content.encode("utf-8"))
        else:
            # 对于其他路径，我们仍然可以尝试使用SimpleHTTPRequestHandler的逻辑来服务文件
            # 但这里为了简洁，我们直接返回404
            self.send_error(404, "File Not Found")

    def do_POST(self):
        # 示例：处理POST请求
        print(f"Received POST request for: {self.path}")
        if self.path == "/api/submit":
            content_length = int(self.headers['Content-Length']) # 获取请求体长度
            post_data = self.rfile.read(content_length) # 读取请求体
            decoded_data = post_data.decode('utf-8')
            print(f"Received POST data: {decoded_data}")

            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header("Content-type", "application/json")
            self.end_headers()
            response_data = {"status": "success", "received_data": decoded_data}
            self.wfile.write(json.dumps(response_data).encode("utf-8"))
        else:
            self.send_error(404, "Not Found")


with socketserver.TCPServer(("", PORT), CustomHandler) as httpd:
    print(f"自定义服务器在端口 {PORT} 启动，访问地址：http://localhost:{PORT}/")
    httpd.serve_forever()

CustomHandler

self.path

self.send_response()

self.send_header()

self.end_headers()

self.wfile.write()

self.rfile

http.server

http.server