C++如何实现简单的贪吃蛇游戏

std::vector<Point>

Point

x

y

Point

// 假设有一个Point结构体和Direction枚举
struct Point { int x, y; };
enum Direction { STOP = 0, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN };

// 全局变量或游戏类成员
Point snakeHead;
std::vector<Point> snakeBody; // 存储蛇身所有段
Point food;
int width, height; // 游戏区域尺寸
int score;
Direction dir;
bool gameOver;

// 初始化函数
void Setup() {
    gameOver = false;
    dir = STOP;
    snakeHead = {width / 2, height / 2}; // 蛇头在中心
    snakeBody.clear(); // 清空蛇身
    snakeBody.push_back(snakeHead); // 初始蛇头
    // 随机生成食物，确保不在蛇身上
    GenerateFood();
    score = 0;
}

// 绘制函数
void Draw() {
    system("cls"); // 清屏，Windows下
    // 或者使用ANSI转义序列 for Linux/macOS: cout << "\033[2J\033[1;1H";

    // 绘制边界
    for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++) cout << "#";
    cout << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
            if (j == 0) cout << "#"; // 左边界

            bool isSnakeSegment = false;
            for (const auto& segment : snakeBody) {
                if (segment.x == j && segment.y == i) {
                    cout << "O"; // 蛇身
                    isSnakeSegment = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isSnakeSegment) {
                if (j == food.x && i == food.y)
                    cout << "F"; // 食物
                else
                    cout << " "; // 空格
            }

            if (j == width - 1) cout << "#"; // 右边界
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++) cout << "#";
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Score: " << score << endl;
}

// 输入处理函数
void Input() {
    if (_kbhit()) { // 检查是否有按键，Windows下
        switch (_getch()) { // 获取按键，Windows下
            case 'a': if (dir != RIGHT) dir = LEFT; break;
            case 'd': if (dir != LEFT) dir = RIGHT; break;
            case 'w': if (dir != DOWN) dir = UP; break;
            case 's': if (dir != UP) dir = DOWN; break;
            case 'x': gameOver = true; break; // 退出游戏
        }
    }
}

// 逻辑更新函数
void Logic() {
    // 保存当前蛇头位置，作为新蛇头的前一个位置
    Point prevHead = snakeBody.front(); 
    Point newHead = prevHead;

    switch (dir) {
        case LEFT:  newHead.x--; break;
        case RIGHT: newHead.x++; break;
        case UP:    newHead.y--; break;
        case DOWN:  newHead.y++; break;
        default: break;
    }

    // 碰撞检测：墙壁
    if (newHead.x < 0 || newHead.x >= width || newHead.y < 0 || newHead.y >= height) {
        gameOver = true;
        return;
    }

    // 碰撞检测：自身
    for (size_t i = 1; i < snakeBody.size(); ++i) { // 从第二个节段开始检查
        if (newHead.x == snakeBody[i].x && newHead.y == snakeBody[i].y) {
            gameOver = true;
            return;
        }
    }

    // 将新蛇头添加到身体前面
    snakeBody.insert(snakeBody.begin(), newHead);

    // 吃食物
    if (newHead.x == food.x && newHead.y == food.y) {
        score += 10;
        GenerateFood(); // 重新生成食物
    } else {
        snakeBody.pop_back(); // 没吃到食物，移除尾巴
    }
}

// GenerateFood() 函数的实现需要确保食物不会生成在蛇的身体上
// void GenerateFood() { /* ... */ }

// 主游戏循环
int main() {
    width = 20; height = 20;
    Setup();
    while (!gameOver) {
        Draw();
        Input();
        Logic();
        Sleep(100); // Windows下，控制游戏速度，毫秒
        // 或者 std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
    }
    cout << "Game Over! Final Score: " << score << endl;
    return 0;
}

_kbhit

_getch

system("cls")

Sleep

ncurses

system("cls")

windows.h

SetConsoleCursorPosition

WriteConsoleOutputCharacter

ncurses

std::cin

_kbhit()

_getch()

ncurses

Sleep()

std::this_thread::sleep_for

std::vector<Point>

Point

x

y

std::deque<Point>

std::vector