Python Selenium应对动态Web元素的定位策略

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com") # 替换为你的目标URL

try:
    # 定位完整链接文本
    element_by_full_text = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, "About Us"))
    )
    print(f"找到完整文本链接: {element_by_full_text.text}")

    # 定位部分链接文本
    element_by_partial_text = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "Contact"))
    )
    print(f"找到部分文本链接: {element_by_partial_text.text}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

# ... (导入和driver初始化同上) ...

try:
    # 利用稳定属性定位
    element_by_stable_attr = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[data-test-id='submit-form']"))
    )
    print(f"找到稳定属性元素: {element_by_stable_attr.text if element_by_stable_attr.text else '无文本'}")

    # 利用部分类名匹配定位
    element_by_partial_class = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div[class*='card-item-']"))
    )
    print(f"找到部分类名元素: {element_by_partial_class.get_attribute('class')}")

    # 组合选择器定位
    element_by_combined = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div#main-panel > p.status-message"))
    )
    print(f"找到组合选择器元素: {element_by_combined.text}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"CSS选择器定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

# ... (导入和driver初始化同上) ...

try:
    # 利用稳定属性定位
    element_by_xpath_attr = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//button[@data-test-id='submit-form']"))
    )
    print(f"找到XPath稳定属性元素: {element_by_xpath_attr.text if element_by_xpath_attr.text else '无文本'}")

    # 利用部分类名匹配定位
    element_by_xpath_partial_class = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[contains(@class, 'card-item-')]"))
    )
    print(f"找到XPath部分类名元素: {element_by_xpath_partial_class.get_attribute('class')}")

    # 利用文本内容定位
    element_by_xpath_text = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//h2[text()='Welcome to Dashboard']"))
    )
    print(f"找到XPath文本内容元素: {element_by_xpath_text.text}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"XPath定位失败: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()