在Java中如何使用抽象类实现模板方法_OOP模板方法指南

abstract class GameTemplate {
    // 模板方法，定义游戏流程
    public final void play() {
        initialize();
        startPlay();
        endPlay();
    }

    // 抽象方法，由子类实现
    abstract void initialize();
    abstract void startPlay();
    
    // 可选的钩子方法，子类可选择性覆盖
    void endPlay() {
        System.out.println("Game ended.");
    }
}

class FootballGame extends GameTemplate {
    void initialize() {
        System.out.println("Football game initialized.");
    }

    void startPlay() {
        System.out.println("Football game started.");
    }

    void endPlay() {
        System.out.println("Football game finished.");
    }
}

class BasketballGame extends GameTemplate {
    void initialize() {
        System.out.println("Basketball game initialized.");
    }

    void startPlay() {
        System.out.println("Basketball game started.");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GameTemplate football = new FootballGame();
        GameTemplate basketball = new BasketballGame();

        football.play();     // 输出完整的足球游戏流程
        basketball.play();   // 输出完整的篮球游戏流程
    }
}

Football game initialized.
Football game started.
Football game finished.
Basketball game initialized.
Basketball game started.
Game ended.