Python如何解析xml文件？ ElementTree库使用教程与实例

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<library>
  <book id="1">
    <title>Python入门</title>
    <author>张三</author>
    <price>50.0</price>
  </book>
  <book id="2">
    <title>数据分析实战</title>
    <author>李四</author>
    <price>68.5</price>
  </book>
</library>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
<h1>从文件读取</h1><p>tree = ET.parse('data.xml')
root = tree.getroot()</p><h1>或从字符串读取</h1><p>xml_str = """<library>...</library>"""
root = ET.fromstring(xml_str)</p>

for book in root.findall('book'):
    title = book.find('title').text
    author = book.find('author').text
    book_id = book.get('id')  # 获取属性
    print(f"ID: {book_id}, 书名: {title}, 作者: {author}")

for book in root.findall('book'):
    category = ET.SubElement(book, 'category')
    if 'Python' in book.find('title').text:
        category.text = '编程'
    else:
        category.text = '数据科学'
<h1>保存到新文件</h1><p>tree.write('updated_data.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)</p>

<root xmlns:ns="http://example.com/ns">
  <ns:item>内容</ns:item>
</root>

namespace = {'ns': 'http://example.com/ns'}
item = root.find('ns:item', namespace)
if item is not None:
    print(item.text)