如何通过C#代码动态生成WPF界面？

StackPanel

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        // 假设我们在XAML中有一个名为 'mainStackPanel' 的StackPanel
        // <StackPanel x:Name="mainStackPanel" Margin="20"/>

        GenerateButtonsDynamically();
    }

    private void GenerateButtonsDynamically()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        {
            Button newButton = new Button
            {
                Content = $"动态按钮 {i + 1}",
                Margin = new Thickness(5),
                Padding = new Thickness(10, 5),
                HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center
            };
            newButton.Click += DynamicButton_Click; // 绑定事件
            mainStackPanel.Children.Add(newButton); // 添加到StackPanel
        }

        TextBlock dynamicTextBlock = new TextBlock
        {
            Text = "这是一个动态生成的文本块。",
            FontSize = 16,
            FontWeight = FontWeights.Bold,
            Foreground = Brushes.DarkBlue,
            Margin = new Thickness(0, 15, 0, 0),
            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center
        };
        mainStackPanel.Children.Add(dynamicTextBlock);
    }

    private void DynamicButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (sender is Button clickedButton)
        {
            MessageBox.Show($"你点击了：{clickedButton.Content}");
        }
    }
}

XamlReader

using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Markup; // 引入这个命名空间

// ... 在MainWindow或某个方法中

private void LoadXamlDynamically()
{
    string xamlString = @"
        <StackPanel xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation'
                    xmlns:x='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml'
                    Margin='10'>
            <TextBlock Text='这是从XAML字符串加载的标题' FontSize='18' FontWeight='Bold' HorizontalAlignment='Center' Margin='0,0,0,10'/>
            <Button Content='加载的按钮1' Margin='5'/>
            <Button Content='加载的按钮2' Margin='5'/>
            <TextBox Text='这是一个加载的文本框' Margin='5'/>
        </StackPanel>";

    using (StringReader stringReader = new StringReader(xamlString))
    {
        using (System.Xml.XmlReader xmlReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(stringReader))
        {
            try
            {
                // XamlReader.Load会返回根元素
                object content = XamlReader.Load(xmlReader);

                // 将加载的内容添加到主窗口的某个容器中
                // 假设主窗口有一个名为 'contentPresenter' 的ContentPresenter或Grid
                // <ContentPresenter x:Name="contentPresenter"/>
                contentPresenter.Content = content;

                // 如果需要对加载的元素进行操作，需要进行类型转换并查找子元素
                if (content is StackPanel loadedStackPanel)
                {
                    foreach (var child in loadedStackPanel.Children)
                    {
                        if (child is Button button)
                        {
                            button.Click += DynamicLoadedButton_Click;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"加载XAML失败: {ex.Message}");
            }
        }
    }
}

private void DynamicLoadedButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    if (sender is Button clickedButton)
    {
        MessageBox.Show($"你点击了从XAML加载的按钮：{clickedButton.Content}");
    }
}

UIElement

FrameworkElement

Binding

SetBinding

// 假设我们有一个简单的ViewModel
public class MyItemViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private string _itemName;
    public string ItemName
    {
        get => _itemName;
        set
        {
            _itemName = value;
            OnPropertyChanged(nameof(ItemName));
        }
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
    {
        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}

// 在动态生成控件的代码中
private void GenerateBoundControls()
{
    MyItemViewModel vm = new MyItemViewModel { ItemName = "初始动态数据" };
    this.DataContext = vm; // 将ViewModel设置为父容器的DataContext

    TextBox dynamicTextBox = new TextBox
    {
        Margin = new Thickness(5),
        Width = 200
    };

    // 创建一个Binding对象
    Binding textBinding = new Binding("ItemName") // 绑定到ViewModel的ItemName属性
    {
        Mode = BindingMode.TwoWay, // 双向绑定
        UpdateSourceTrigger = UpdateSourceTrigger.PropertyChanged // 属性改变时立即更新源
    };

    // 使用SetBinding方法将Binding应用到TextBox的Text属性上
    dynamicTextBox.SetBinding(TextBox.TextProperty, textBinding);

    mainStackPanel.Children.Add(dynamicTextBox);

    TextBlock displayTextBlock = new TextBlock
    {
        Margin = new Thickness(5),
        FontSize = 14
    };
    displayTextBlock.SetBinding(TextBlock.TextProperty, new Binding("ItemName")); // 同样绑定到ItemName

    mainStackPanel.Children.Add(displayTextBlock);
}

DataContext

ViewModel

DataContext

Binding

Source

+=

// 在GenerateButtonsDynamically方法中已经展示过
// newButton.Click += DynamicButton_Click; 

// 另一种常见的写法是使用Lambda表达式，特别适合简单的事件处理
Button lambdaButton = new Button
{
    Content = "Lambda按钮",
    Margin = new Thickness(5)
};
lambdaButton.Click += (s, e) =>
{
    MessageBox.Show("你点击了Lambda按钮！");
};
mainStackPanel.Children.Add(lambdaButton);

// 假设ViewModel中有一个ICommand属性
public class MyViewModelWithCommand : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public ICommand MyActionCommand { get; private set; }

    public MyViewModelWithCommand()
    {
        MyActionCommand = new RelayCommand(ExecuteMyAction);
    }

    private void ExecuteMyAction(object parameter)
    {
        MessageBox.Show($"命令执行了，参数是: {parameter}");
    }
    // ... INotifyPropertyChanged 实现
}

// 在动态生成控件的代码中
private void GenerateCommandBoundButton()
{
    MyViewModelWithCommand vm = new MyViewModelWithCommand();
    this.DataContext = vm;

    Button commandButton = new Button
    {
        Content = "执行命令",
        Margin = new Thickness(5)
    };

    // 绑定Command
    commandButton.SetBinding(Button.CommandProperty, new Binding("MyActionCommand"));
    // 绑定CommandParameter
    commandButton.SetBinding(Button.CommandParameterProperty, new Binding { Source = "这是命令参数" });

    mainStackPanel.Children.Add(commandButton);
}