解决Selenium循环操作中“元素未找到”问题：Python显式等待实践

def select_first_category(sb):
    sleep(1) # 硬等待，不推荐
    sb.highlight(".mt-15")
    sb.click('#mat-select-value-1') # 问题所在：直接点击，没有等待元素就绪
    sb.click('span:contains("Application Centre")')
    select_second_category(sb)

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def select_first_category(sb):
    # 显式等待，等待 #mat-select-value-1 元素变得可点击，最长等待10秒
    # 注意：sb在这里扮演了driver的角色
    try:
        # 等待下拉菜单的触发元素出现并可点击
        element = WebDriverWait(sb, 10).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "mat-select-value-1"))
        )
        element.click() # 点击触发下拉菜单
        print("Dropdown trigger #mat-select-value-1 clicked >>>>> Success")

        # 等待下拉菜单中的具体选项出现并可点击
        # 这里假设 "Application Centre" 是一个可见的文本，并且在span标签内
        # 可以根据实际情况调整定位策略，例如使用XPath或CSS选择器
        option_locator = (By.XPATH, '//span[contains(text(), "Application Centre")]')
        option_element = WebDriverWait(sb, 10).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(option_locator)
        )
        option_element.click()
        print("Option 'Application Centre' selected >>>>> Success")

    except TimeoutException:
        print("Timeout: Element #mat-select-value-1 or 'Application Centre' option not found or not clickable.")
        # 可以选择抛出异常、重试或执行其他错误处理逻辑
        raise # 重新抛出异常，让上层捕获处理

    select_second_category(sb)

# 假设 sb 对象有一个内部的 driver 实例，或者 sb 本身就是 driver
# 如果 sb 是 SeleniumBase 实例，它可能已经提供了类似的等待方法，例如 sb.wait_for_element_and_click()
# 以下是一个通用封装示例，假设 sb 行为类似于 driver
def wait_and_click(sb_driver, locator_type, locator_value, timeout=10):
    try:
        element = WebDriverWait(sb_driver, timeout).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((locator_type, locator_value))
        )
        element.click()
        print(f"Element {locator_value} clicked successfully.")
        return True
    except TimeoutException:
        print(f"Timeout: Element {locator_value} not found or not clickable after {timeout} seconds.")
        return False
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error clicking {locator_value}: {e}")
        return False

# 在 select_first_category 中使用
def select_first_category(sb):
    if not wait_and_click(sb, By.ID, "mat-select-value-1"):
        # 处理点击失败的情况，例如重试、记录日志或退出
        raise Exception("Failed to click #mat-select-value-1")

    # 假设 'span:contains("Application Centre")' 是一个 CSS 选择器
    # 如果是 XPath，则 By.XPATH
    if not wait_and_click(sb, By.XPATH, '//span[contains(text(), "Application Centre")]'):
        raise Exception("Failed to select 'Application Centre'")

    select_second_category(sb)

# 其他函数也应类似地替换直接点击为等待点击
def select_second_category(sb):
    # 假设 #mat-select-value-5 是 ID
    if not wait_and_click(sb, By.ID, '#mat-select-value-5'):
        raise Exception("Failed to click #mat-select-value-5")

    # 假设 '//*[@id="mat-option-2"]/span' 是 XPath
    if not wait_and_click(sb, By.XPATH, '//*[@id="mat-option-2"]/span'):
        raise Exception("Failed to select option 2")

    select_last_category(sb)