Django 测试中 400 状态码错误排查与解决：常见陷阱与调试技巧

# authentication/urls.py 示例
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('authentication/login/', views.user_login, name='user_login'),
    # path('login-form/', views.login_form_view, name='login_form'), # 假设存在另一个视图
]

# authentication/tests.py 修正后的测试代码
from django.test import TestCase
from django.urls import reverse
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class AuthTestCase(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # 在测试前创建测试用户，确保用户存在且活跃
        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='voter1', email='voter1@example.com', password='123')
        self.user.is_active = True
        self.user.save()

    def test_login(self):
        # 使用 reverse() 获取正确的 URL
        login_url = reverse('user_login') # 假设 user_login 视图在 urls.py 中的 name 为 'user_login'

        # 确保数据字段与LoginForm期望一致 (详见下一节)
        data = {'usuario_email': 'voter1', 'password': '123'}
        response = self.client.post(login_url, data, format='json')

        # 调试输出，帮助排查问题
        if response.status_code != 200:
            print(f"Test failed with status code: {response.status_code}")
            try:
                print(f"Response JSON: {response.json()}")
            except ValueError:
                print(f"Response content: {response.content.decode()}")

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        message = response.json().get('message')
        self.assertEqual(message, 'Autentificacion correcta')

# authentication/forms.py (假设 LoginForm 期望 'password' 字段)
from django import forms

class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    usuario_email = forms.CharField(label='Email/Username')
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, label='Password') # 注意这里是 'password'

# authentication/tests.py 修正后的测试数据
# 原始测试数据: data = {'usuario_email': 'voter1', 'password1': '123'}
data = {'usuario_email': 'voter1', 'password': '123'} # 修正为匹配 LoginForm 的 'password' 字段

# authentication/views.py (user_login 视图)
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .forms import LoginForm # 确保导入了 LoginForm

def user_login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        print(f"Received POST data: {request.POST}") # 打印原始 POST 数据
        form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        print(f"Form is valid: {form.is_valid()}") # 打印表单验证结果
        if not form.is_valid():
            print(f"Form errors: {form.errors}") # 如果验证失败，打印详细错误信息
            return JsonResponse({'error': '请求数据无效', 'details': form.errors}, status=400) # 返回更详细的错误信息

        cd = form.cleaned_data
        usuario_email = cd.get('usuario_email')
        password = cd.get('password') # 注意这里应与 LoginForm 字段名一致

        user = None
        if usuario_email and '@' in usuario_email: