本文介绍使用PyInstaller打包Python项目的方法，以OCR截屏识别助手为例。先讲PyInstaller简介、环境准备和主要命令参数，再通过示例演示打包流程，包括处理多文件、UI资源、精简依赖和调整import路径，还提及Windows环境打包及效果。
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该项目的灵感来自一个现实的需求，现在有时候会遇到一些文档不能复制，但又不想装非常笨重、可能带广告、收费的文字处理软件，怎么办呢？
首先，要再次感谢7hinc童鞋——不好意思，又抢生意来了
他的项目超好用的OCR截屏识别助手只用了3个Python文件和一个前端UI文件，就提供了比较完整的截图OCR识别功能。
但这个项目是基于Python的，并且依赖于非常强大的PaddleHub模型库和PaddleOCR项目——换言之，它依赖包很多。
如果我们想在另一台机器上运行，或者分享给不了解这方面技术的同事该怎么办呢？总不能再装一遍环境吧？
由此，就引发了这个项目：如何将Python打包？当然，这里必须要提前说明——
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本文没有教如何打包Paddle各类库，包括PaddleOCR——为什么？
首先，用百度智能云开发者中心的免费API调用次数不香吗
其次，本文会做个简单解释，告诉大家——实在太难了，此路真不通
没错，我们需要用到的打包工具就是PyInstaller，这是它的最新文档。看看它官网自己咋说的——
PyInstaller bundles a Python application and all its dependencies into a single package. The user can run the packaged app without installing a Python interpreter or any modules. PyInstaller supports Python > > 3.5 or newer, and correctly bundles the major Python packages such as numpy, PyQt, Django, wxPython, and others.
PyInstaller is tested against Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux. However, it is not a cross-compiler: to make a Windows app you run PyInstaller in Windows; to make a GNU/Linux app you run it in GNU/Linux, etc. > PyInstaller has been used successfully with AIX, Solaris, FreeBSD and OpenBSD but testing against them is not part of our continuous integration tests.
PyInstaller支持在Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux三个主流平台打包，Python版本要3.5以上，环境依赖库要安装正确。在不同的平台上使用 PyInstaller 工具的方法是一样的，它们支持的选项也是一样的。
同时，我们也会发现PyInstaller的打包依赖于它所在的操作系统，也就是说，我们在Linux平台打的包，就只适合在Linux环境中运行，Windows上启动不起来的。
如何用PyInstaller呢？其实安装很简单，使用也很简单，但是——对环境要求比较高，如果在本机上没装好C++库，经常没有报错——缺这个DLL,缺那个DLL……
所以这里建议大家，如果要在本地的Windows系统上打包，最好不要偷懒，也不要心疼存储空间和那点时间，老老实实把Visual Studio 2019装起来吧——社区版就行了，它会自动把各种DLL依赖都准备好，通常在开发过程中就很少遇到类似报错了。
具体用法可以参考PyInstaller的用户手册
| -D, --onedir | 默认会生成一个文件夹 |
| -F, --onefile | 指定生成一个单独的可执行文件 |
| --specpath DIR | 指定spec文件的生成目录。默认使用当前目录来生成spec文件 |
| -n NAME, --name NAME | |
| 指定项目（产生的 spec）名字。如果省略该选项，那么第一个脚本的主文件名将作为 spec 的名字 | |
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, os.pathsep (which is ; on Windows and : on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times.非二进制文件通过设置这个参数打包
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times.显式指定要import的依赖
从学习的曲线来看，遇到新事物的时候还是建议循序渐进，比如找一个简单的Demo开始运行。所以这里提供了两个基础示例。
因为pyqt的GUI窗口在AI Studio上看不到，所以我们就先用img2pdf.py演示打包的流程和效果
# 首先，要确认python代码正确!python img2pdf.py
hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg'] 输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf
# 安装pyinstaller!pip install pyinstaller
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pyinstaller
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/9e/ed/fbdad7f5d8f794c901076b814b8e9f5ce31d32c0bc3b63ddd27b61db9530/pyinstaller-4.1.tar.gz (3.5MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 10.7MB/s eta 0:00:01
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2020.6 (from pyinstaller)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/a4/11/90ac24147907d9b7302983ec66ae46b045b47212906101cc82d9204c798d/pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2020.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (172kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 174kB 26.8MB/s eta 0:00:01
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pyinstaller) (41.4.0)
Collecting altgraph (from pyinstaller)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/ee/3d/bfca21174b162f6ce674953f1b7a640c1498357fa6184776029557c25399/altgraph-0.17-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: pyinstaller
Building wheel for pyinstaller (PEP 517) ... done
Created wheel for pyinstaller: filename=pyinstaller-4.1-cp37-none-any.whl size=2790249 sha256=05cdd9cb8a71582013c50d28e248972bc8f80e6a03e802723f57994d6c0e8a6d
Stored in directory: /home/aistudio/.cache/pip/wheels/fe/90/a2/7dc78a5ca953100aad6b663aae16db9962df27264f2d4ebb87
Successfully built pyinstaller
Installing collected packages: pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, altgraph, pyinstaller
Successfully installed altgraph-0.17 pyinstaller-4.1 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib-2020.11# 打包!pyinstaller -F img2pdf.py
31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1 31 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda) 32 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid 32 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/img2pdf.spec 34 INFO: UPX is not available. 35 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio'] 45 INFO: checking Analysis 45 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 45 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 47 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 52 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2593 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 2657 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 2671 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/img2pdf.py 3330 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-distutils.py'. 3331 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7' 4320 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-setuptools.extern.six.moves.py'. 4664 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-site.py'. 4664 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/fake-modules' 7977 INFO: Processing module hooks... 7977 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pycparser.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/stdhooks'... 7978 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7979 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib 7979 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7981 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq 7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.depends 8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.package_index 8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.command.easy_install 8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.package_index 8430 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pkg_resources.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8761 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-win32com.py'. 8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.py2_warn" not found! 8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.markers" not found! 8804 INFO: Excluding import of __main__ from module pkg_resources 8805 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8811 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8812 INFO: Excluding import of lib2to3.refactor from module distutils.util 8813 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-lib2to3.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8834 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy._pytesttester.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8836 INFO: Excluding import of pytest from module numpy._pytesttester 8836 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8879 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8956 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'test' 8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.core.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9004 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.Image.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9353 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9356 INFO: Excluding import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 9356 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 9357 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5 from module PIL.ImageQt 9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9360 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle 9360 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.ImageFilter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9361 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module PIL.ImageFilter 9362 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.msvc.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9363 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module setuptools.msvc 9363 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-_tkinter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9441 INFO: checking Tree 9442 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent 9442 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc 9448 INFO: checking Tree 9448 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent 9448 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc 9488 INFO: checking Tree 9488 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-02.toc is non existent 9488 INFO: Building Tree Tree-02.toc 9491 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9494 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 9509 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 9576 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 9582 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py' 9585 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pkgres.py' 9591 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 10343 INFO: Looking for eggs 10343 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching... 10355 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0 10363 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/warn-img2pdf.txt 10397 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/xref-img2pdf.html 10412 INFO: checking PYZ 10412 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 10412 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz 11198 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 11206 INFO: checking PKG 11206 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 11206 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 25664 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 25666 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run 25666 INFO: checking EXE 25666 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 25666 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 25667 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/img2pdf 25697 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
# 测试打包结果，注意，由于python代码原因，pdf文件存到了dist目录下!cd dist && ./img2pdf
hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg'] 输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf
editor.py是一个简单的基于PYQT5实现的示例，尝试在Linux/Windows环境对其打包。
# 注意，pyqt5版本过高会报错，这里选了个不会报错的版本!pip install pyqt5==5.12.0
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pyqt5==5.12.0
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/01/8c/eeff014306fcdbb8afda0fe603d1b458dddf2be0ca10d561b0015e439357/PyQt5-5.12-5.12.1_a-cp35.cp36.cp37.cp38-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (61.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 61.1MB 8.5MB/s eta 0:00:01
Collecting PyQt5_sip<4.20,>=4.19.14 (from pyqt5==5.12.0)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/bf/63/d363b567237375235d270049fd6416c83949f470bb51539458966cd7a38c/PyQt5_sip-4.19.19-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (67kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 71kB 13.5MB/s eta 0:00:01
Installing collected packages: PyQt5-sip, pyqt5
Successfully installed PyQt5-sip-4.19.19 pyqt5-5.12!pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5
31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1 31 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda) 31 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid 31 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/editor.spec 33 INFO: UPX is not available. 34 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio'] 44 INFO: checking Analysis 44 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 44 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 46 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 51 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2576 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 2641 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 2655 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/editor.py 2684 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5' 2685 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found 2685 INFO: Processing module hooks... 2685 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2759 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2760 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib 2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2761 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq 2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2772 WARNING: Hidden import "sip" not found! 2773 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2859 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2906 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2945 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 3143 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 3144 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle 3151 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 3151 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 3153 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pyqt5.py' 3156 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 4859 INFO: Looking for eggs 4859 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching... 4869 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0 4872 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/warn-editor.txt 4887 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/xref-editor.html 4894 INFO: checking PYZ 4894 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 4894 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz 5283 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 5286 INFO: checking PKG 5286 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 5286 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 64713 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 64717 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run 64717 INFO: checking EXE 64717 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 64717 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 64718 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/editor 64865 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
在Windows上打包也是相同的操作，最终效果如下，双击打开可执行文件，就能出现GUI界面了
这里给出打包过程日志供参考
(python37) F:labelImg>pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5 178 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6 178 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda) 180 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0 182 INFO: wrote F:labelImgeditor.spec 184 INFO: UPX is not available. 200 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['F:\', 'F:\labelImg'] 208 INFO: checking Analysis 209 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 209 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 215 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 232 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2196 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 2199 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib'3772 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 3882 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 3900 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe 4426 INFO: Analyzing F:labelImgeditor.py 4482 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5'4483 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found 4483 INFO: Processing module hooks... 4483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 4486 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 4567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 4569 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 4800 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 4932 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 5143 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 5429 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 5432 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 5695 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 5696 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 5698 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'5709 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 6959 INFO: Looking for eggs 6959 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll 6960 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 6977 INFO: Warnings written to F:labelImguildeditorwarn-editor.txt 7014 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:labelImguildeditorxref-editor.html 7043 INFO: checking PYZ 7044 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 7044 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz 7410 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 7422 INFO: checking PKG 7422 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 7422 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 18126 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 18133 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit un.exe 18133 INFO: checking EXE 18133 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 18133 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 18134 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:labelImgdisteditor.exe 18240 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
OCR截图小工具的打包，涉及到4个小知识点，分别是：
- 多文件处理 —— 其实就是在命令行里把3个python文件都写进去
- UI资源文件处理 —— 使用--add-data设置
- 精简依赖处理 —— 尽量不要直接import，能from……import……就这么写；强烈不建议直接打包飞桨套件，改为API调用
- import路径调整的处理 —— 为什么打包后会闪退？原来前面的操作会导致打包后inference目录下的两个文件跑到当前目录来了
因此，最终打包命令就是：
pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
# 解压查看截图识别助手源代码!unzip data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip -d ./work/
Archive: data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip creating: ./work/ScreenRec/ inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/README.md inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/Shapely-1.7.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl creating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/ inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.py inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.ui inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/main.py inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/requirements.txt inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/screen_rec.py
# 尝试直接打包，注意，在linux中--add-data的写法!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
我们会发现，执行时间会非常长，因为源代码中有一句import paddlehub as hub，等于需要把paddlehub，paddlepaddle，paddlepaddle的依赖统统打包…… 那么，有没有快一点的办法？当然有，其实源代码中也给出了解决方案，就是screen_rec.py这里：
# 使用PPOCR识别截图，返回识别结果
def imrec(self, img):
# 判断 识别方式
if self._way == "0":
ocr = hub.Module(name="chinese_ocr_db_crnn_mobile")
result = ocr.recognize_text(images=[img])
res = str() for data in result[0]["data"]:
res += data["text"] # 判断 是否需要保留样式
if self._keepStyle:
res += "
"
elif self._way == "1" or "2":
result = self.baiduAPI(img)
res = str() for words in result["words_result"]:
res += words["words"] if self._keepStyle:
res += "
"
return res也就是说，我们可以选择用百度API进行识别，比如到通用场景文字识别申请一个API_Key和Secret_Key,替换掉源代码中的内容（源代码的KEY已经不能用了），然后注释掉import paddlehub as hub，删除本地模式等。
每天500次免费调用量，还是够用的吧
如果懒得改太多代码，该文件只需要改前几行即可：
# 打包导致路径变化，需修改# from interface.interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom PIL import Image, ImageGrabimport cv2import numpy as npfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow# 注释掉# import paddlehub as hub import requestsimport base64import pyperclipfrom datetime import datetimeclass run(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
self._keepStyle = False
self._toClipboard = True
self._way = "1" # 默认走API预测
self.API_Key = "lvM38ECpObMh25YY2qd7vc7R" # 请换成读者自己的KEY
self.Secret_Key = "qQG1Do5I8fZivvCiFCchXnQFI8aNGymd" # 请换成读者自己的KEY同样的main.py因为打包路径的问题，也要做一些修改，将from interface import interface改为import interface
!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
打包后运行时查看日志：通过命令行运行可执行程序，可以debug用
打包成功效果展示
打包过程日志——日志告诉我们，WARNING不会影响打包结果，这些lib找不到没关系
(python37) F:ScreenRec>pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py 73 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6 74 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda) 74 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0 77 INFO: wrote F:ScreenRecmain.spec 79 INFO: UPX is not available. 80 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['F:\ScreenRec', 'F:\ScreenRec', 'F:\ScreenRec\interface', 'F:\ScreenRec'] 81 INFO: checking Analysis 81 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 81 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 85 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 91 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 1772 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 1773 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib'3015 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 3131 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 3150 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe 3444 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecmain.py 5367 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves 5857 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site 5858 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\fake-modules'9944 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook urllib3.packages.six.moves 11342 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves 12213 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecscreen_rec.py 12217 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecinterfaceinterface.py 12221 INFO: Processing module hooks... 12222 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"... 12224 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cryptography.py"... 12481 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cv2.py"... 12482 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 12483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 12563 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"... 12567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"... 12674 INFO: MKL libraries found when importing numpy. Adding MKL to binaries 12678 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"... 12679 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"... 13145 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"... 13147 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4'13149 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13151 INFO: Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 13152 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5'13153 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtGui from module PIL.ImageQt 13157 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtCore from module PIL.ImageQt 13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'PySide'13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13158 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"... 13160 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13161 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13162 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"... 13641 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com 13903 INFO: Excluding import '__main__'13905 INFO: Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources 13906 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"... 13909 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 13910 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 14051 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 14139 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 14351 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 14630 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pythoncom.py"... 15042 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"... 15451 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.py"... 15454 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"... 16103 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 16105 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"... 16629 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 16709 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"... 16881 INFO: checking Tree 16881 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent 16881 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc 16956 INFO: checking Tree 16957 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent 16957 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc 17013 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 17051 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 17057 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'17059 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_certifi.py'17060 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'17062 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'17064 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'17079 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 17392 WARNING: lib not found: pgc14.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17394 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17395 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90rtl.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17412 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.dll 17467 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_ilp64.dll 17583 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_ilp64.dll 17637 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_lp64.dll 17685 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_lp64.dll 17929 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_lp64.dll 19020 INFO: Looking for eggs 19021 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll 19021 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 19033 INFO: Warnings written to F:ScreenRecuildmainwarn-main.txt 19146 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:ScreenRecuildmainxref-main.html 19187 INFO: Appending 'datas' from .spec 19190 INFO: checking PYZ 19192 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 19192 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz 20632 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 20664 INFO: checking PKG 20665 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 20665 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 95134 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 95144 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit un.exe 95145 INFO: checking EXE 95145 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 95145 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 95146 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:ScreenRecdistmain.exe 96407 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
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